句1:The latest was a panel from the National Academy of Sciences, enlisted by the White House, to tell us that the Earth's atmosphere is definitely warming and that the problem is largely man-made.
這個句子的主干部分是The latest was a panel,表語是panel,它后接有兩個定語成分,分別是from的介詞短語和含enlisted的過去分詞,其中第二個定語成分中又包含一個不定式結構,表目的。這兩個分句可以翻譯成:“白宮召集的、來自國家科學院的專家團”和“為了告訴我們……而召集的(專家團)”。
句2:Most people seem to have more bad dreams early in the night, progressing toward happier ones before awakening, suggesting that they are working through negative feelings generated during the day.
這個句子的主干是:Most people seem to have more bad dreams 。主干后跟有兩個現在分詞結構,第一個分詞結構表伴隨,其動作和主句中的動作幾乎同時發生。第二個分詞結構表結果,即“因此表明……”
句3:In his latest book, Doing Our Own Thing. The Degradation of language and Music and why we should like, care, John McWhorter, a linguist and controversialist of mixed liberal and conservative views, sees the triumph of 1960s counter-culture as responsible for the decline of formal English.
這個句子的主干是John McWhorte sees the triumph of 1960s counter-culture as responsible for the decline。主語前有狀語成分,它是由介詞短語in his latest book做的狀語,book后還有有一個較長的書名,充當其同位語。主語和謂語之間為主語的同位語,對主語進行補充說明。