2017考研英語《經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)人》閱讀：關(guān)于開學(xué)的戰(zhàn)爭

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Wage negotiations in Argentina

阿根廷的工資談判

Class war

一場(chǎng)關(guān)于開學(xué)的戰(zhàn)爭

Teachers'unions go out on strike

教師公會(huì)舉行罷工

“IT CAN'T be that every annual salary negotiationmakes it a strain just to begin the school year,” said President Cristina Fernández de Kirchnerduring a speech to Congress on March 1st. Yes it can.

“決不能讓每年的薪水談判成為開學(xué)的絆腳石”總統(tǒng)克里斯蒂娜·費(fèi)爾南德斯·基什內(nèi)爾，在三月一日國會(huì)的演講中這樣說到。但事實(shí)就是如此。

Strikes this week delayed the start of classes in 19 of Argentina's 24 districts, after provincialunions and governments failed to reach agreements about wage rises. Negotiations betweenthe national government and federal unions, which are meant to set a minimum benchmark forthe provinces, also foundered. With some unions demanding more than 40% hikes, thenational government and Buenos Aires's provincial government, the most influentialnegotiators, offered increases of just 22% and 25.5% this year respectively. The unions calledthe proposals “a provocation”.

由于省工會(huì)和政府就漲工資的問題未能達(dá)成一致，本周的罷工已使阿根廷24個(gè)行政區(qū)中，19個(gè)行政區(qū)推遲了開學(xué)時(shí)間。中央政府和聯(lián)邦公會(huì)間的談判，本打算給各省設(shè)置最低工資標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，最后也以失敗告終。一些公會(huì)要求的上漲幅度超過40%，而中央政府和布宜諾斯艾利斯省政府作為最有影響力的談判者，分別在今年只提供22%和25%的上漲幅度。公會(huì)則稱這些提議為“挑釁”。

Tension had been expected.The teachers'unions want salary rises above Argentina's gallopinginflation rate. Since the start of the year the government has devalued the Argentine peso byover 20%, causing inflation expectations to spike. According to Eduardo Levy Yeyati of Elypsis,a consultancy, prices are expected to jump by 32% this year. And now that the governmenthas started publishing more realistic data, it cannot simply pretend the problem of risingprices does not exist.

分歧在人意料之中。教師工會(huì)希望工資漲幅超過阿根廷奔騰的通貨膨脹率。從今年年初開始，政府已經(jīng)將阿根廷比索貶值超過20%，導(dǎo)致通脹預(yù)期異常強(qiáng)烈。據(jù)一家名為Elypsis的咨詢公司的員工Eduardo Levy Yeyati說，今年物價(jià)預(yù)期將增長32%。政府已不能簡單的把物價(jià)上漲的問題當(dāng)做不存在，目前正著手出版更真實(shí)的數(shù)據(jù)。

The teachers'unions have a strong hand. In December provincial police squeezed 35-100%pay increases out of their employers. Public-sector employees are not fearful of losing theirjobs. Strikes give unions the power to cause widespread chaos.

教師工會(huì)得到強(qiáng)大的幫助。十二月份，省部門的警察已經(jīng)從政府那里爭取來35%到100%不等的工資漲幅。公共部門的員工并不害怕丟掉工作。罷工引起的廣泛騷動(dòng)，給予了公會(huì)強(qiáng)大的力量。

But the government cannot afford to concede too much ground. The negotiations with theteachers will set a precedent for salary talks with other unions scheduled for later this monthand April. To ensure that inflation does not continue to accelerate, the authorities need tocurb real wages. Budgetary considerations also play their part. According to Economía &Regiones, a research group, if the provinces were to grant 30% raises to their 2m employees,that would double their collective fiscal deficit.

但是政府也不能做太多的讓步。本月晚些時(shí)候和四月份亦有跟其他公會(huì)就薪水問題進(jìn)行談判的計(jì)劃，與教師的談判會(huì)為他們創(chuàng)造先例。為了確保通貨膨脹不會(huì)繼續(xù)發(fā)展，當(dāng)局需要抑制實(shí)際工資水平。預(yù)算方面的考慮也發(fā)揮著其自身的作用。據(jù)一個(gè)名為“經(jīng)濟(jì)與區(qū)域”的研究小組的研究結(jié)果顯示，如果省里將其200萬員工的工資提高30%，其集體財(cái)政赤字將翻倍。

That may nonetheless be what happens. In the five jurisdictions that were able to reachaccords, the teachers and the provinces agreed to increases of around 30%. That wouldn't domuch to bring down inflation, but it would at least help keep it from skyrocketing. And it wouldmean the school year can begin.

盡管如此，該發(fā)生的還是會(huì)發(fā)生。在達(dá)成一致的五個(gè)司法管轄區(qū)，教師與省政府同意將工資提高約30%。這雖然對(duì)降低通貨膨脹沒什么作用，但至少能幫助通貨膨脹不再繼續(xù)暴漲。當(dāng)然，這也意味著新學(xué)年可以開始了。

1.fail to 未能

例句:The movie's special effects fail to dazzle.

這部電影的特效未能出彩。

2.according to 根據(jù)

例句:They will swap posts in a year's time, accordingto new party rules which rotate the leadership.

根據(jù)輪流擔(dān)任領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的新政黨章程，他們?cè)谝荒旰髸?huì)輪換職位。

3.expect to 期待

例句:If a writer does not go deep among the masses, he cannot expect to turn out goodworks.

當(dāng)作家而不深入群眾，就不會(huì)寫出好作品來。

4.continue to 繼續(xù)

例句:We'll continue to fight for a decent standard of living for our members.

我們會(huì)繼續(xù)努力，爭取使我們的成員過上體面的生活。