2017考研英語(yǔ)：翻譯中的“轉(zhuǎn)換”思維大剖析

4.副詞轉(zhuǎn)換成名詞

經(jīng)典例題: The new type of machine is shown schematically in Figure1.

參考譯文 圖一所示是這種新型機(jī)器的簡(jiǎn)圖。

經(jīng)典例題: Internally the earth consists of two parts，a core and a mantle.參考譯文地球的內(nèi)部由兩部分組成:地核和地幔。

▶轉(zhuǎn)換成形容詞

1.副詞轉(zhuǎn)換成形容詞

經(jīng)典例題: The engineer had prepared meticulously for his design.

參考譯文: 工程師為這次設(shè)計(jì)做了十分周密的準(zhǔn)備。

經(jīng)典例題: When tables and other materials are included，they should be conveniently placed，so that a student can consult them without turning over too many pages.

參考譯文: 當(dāng)書(shū)中列有表格或其他參考資料時(shí)，應(yīng)當(dāng)將這些內(nèi)容編排在適當(dāng)?shù)奈恢茫�以便使學(xué)生在查閱時(shí)，不必翻太多的書(shū)頁(yè)。

2.名詞轉(zhuǎn)換成形容詞

經(jīng)典例題: Most teenagers feel no difficulty in learning and operating computers.

參考譯文: 絕大部分青少年在學(xué)習(xí)和操作電腦方面并不覺(jué)得困難。

經(jīng)典例題: The instrument has been welcomed by users because of its stability in serviceability，reliability in operation and simplicity in maintenance.

參考譯文: 該儀器性能穩(wěn)定，操作可靠，維護(hù)方便，因而受到用戶(hù)的歡迎。

▶轉(zhuǎn)換成副詞

形容詞轉(zhuǎn)換成副詞

經(jīng)典例題: The wide application of electronic machines in scientific work，in designing and in economic calculations will free man from the labor of complicated computations.

參考譯文: 在科學(xué)研究、設(shè)計(jì)和經(jīng)濟(jì)計(jì)算方面廣泛地應(yīng)用電子計(jì)算機(jī)可以使人們從繁重的計(jì)算勞動(dòng)中解放出來(lái)。

經(jīng)典例題: By dialing the right number，you may be able to select a play，golf lesson or lecture in physics，from a pre-taped library in a remote city，for showing on your home screen.

參考譯文 只要撥對(duì)了號(hào)碼，你就可以在家里電視機(jī)上選看到由遠(yuǎn)方城市一座圖書(shū)館發(fā)出的預(yù)先錄制的一出戲，一堂打高爾夫球的講課，或者一次物理學(xué)講演。

二、結(jié)構(gòu)轉(zhuǎn)換

結(jié)構(gòu)轉(zhuǎn)換著眼于句子成分的相互轉(zhuǎn)換和基本句型的改變。句子成分的相互轉(zhuǎn)換主要在主語(yǔ)與賓語(yǔ)，補(bǔ)語(yǔ)與表語(yǔ)，主語(yǔ)與定語(yǔ)，定語(yǔ)與狀語(yǔ)，狀語(yǔ)與主語(yǔ)之間進(jìn)行。

▶句子成分的轉(zhuǎn)換

1.非主語(yǔ)譯成主語(yǔ)

經(jīng)典例題: Since the invention of the transistor at the Bell Telephone Laboratories in1984，it has found its way into varied applications in the commercial，industrial and military fields.

參考譯文: 自從1984年貝爾電話研究所發(fā)明晶體管以來(lái)，晶體管的種種應(yīng)用已遍及商業(yè)、工業(yè)和軍事各個(gè)領(lǐng)域。（狀語(yǔ)譯成主語(yǔ)）

經(jīng)典例題: Television is different from radio in that it sends and receives pictures.

參考譯文: 電視和無(wú)線電的不同點(diǎn)在于電視能收發(fā)圖像。（表語(yǔ)譯成主語(yǔ)）

經(jīng)典例題: Matter is usually electrically neutral，that is，it has as many protons，as electrons.

參考譯文: 物質(zhì)通常是不帶電的，就是說(shuō)，它的質(zhì)子和電子數(shù)量是相等的。（賓語(yǔ)譯成主語(yǔ)）

2.非謂語(yǔ)譯成謂語(yǔ)

經(jīng)典例題: There is a need for improvement in your study habits.

參考譯文: 你的學(xué)習(xí)習(xí)慣需要改進(jìn)。（主語(yǔ)譯成謂語(yǔ)）

3.非賓語(yǔ)譯成賓語(yǔ)

經(jīng)典例題: He is admired by everybody.

參考譯文: 大家都很欽佩他。（主語(yǔ)譯成賓語(yǔ)）

經(jīng)典例題: Materials to be used for structural purpose are chosen so as to behave elastically in the environmental condition.

參考譯文: 用于結(jié)構(gòu)上的材料必須選擇得使它們?cè)谥車(chē)�環(huán)境條件下具有彈性。（狀語(yǔ)譯成賓語(yǔ)）

4.非狀語(yǔ)譯成狀語(yǔ)

經(jīng)典例題: He drew a deep breath.

參考譯文: 他深深地吸了一口氣。（定語(yǔ)譯成狀語(yǔ)）

經(jīng)典例題: Pictures show him in the company of men like Churchill，Einstein and Gandhi.

參考譯文: 在這些照片中我們可以看到他和邱吉爾、愛(ài)因斯坦、甘地這些人的交往。（主語(yǔ)譯成狀語(yǔ)）

▶基本句型的轉(zhuǎn)化

1.簡(jiǎn)單句轉(zhuǎn)換成復(fù)合句

經(jīng)典例題: At the slightest improvement in my work they would show warm approval.

參考譯文 我工作稍有進(jìn)步，他們就熱情肯定。

2.復(fù)合句轉(zhuǎn)換成簡(jiǎn)單句

經(jīng)典例題: This causes the construction of gigantic buildings where too large masses of human beings are crowded together.

參考譯文: 這樣就蓋起了許多人聚居的高樓大廈。