2018考研英語(yǔ):怎樣讓完型成為送分題

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從完型填空的命題形式來(lái)看，每個(gè)空都不是孤立存在的，而是處在一整篇文章的大背景之中的。從這個(gè)角度來(lái)說(shuō)，完型文章實(shí)際上是由已知信息和未知信息構(gòu)成。通過(guò)相關(guān)已知信息提供的線索進(jìn)行分析總結(jié)，結(jié)合選項(xiàng)定位出答案，這就是完型解題的基本方法。而相關(guān)已知信息一般在上下句之中，而上下句之間往往有明顯的邏輯關(guān)系，因此熟練把握這種邏輯關(guān)系就成為解題的關(guān)鍵所在。

邏輯關(guān)系題是完型填空的重要考查點(diǎn)，且容易得分，故成為完型的重要得分點(diǎn)。完型中主要考察的五大邏輯關(guān)系為：對(duì)立關(guān)系、因果關(guān)系、并列關(guān)系、總分關(guān)系和遞進(jìn)關(guān)系。

一、對(duì)立關(guān)系

包括讓步和轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，常見(jiàn)的標(biāo)志詞和短語(yǔ)有：but, however, yet, on the contrary, by contrast, unfortunately, although, even though, nevertheless, in spite of, regardless of, anyhow, instead of, rather than, not…but等。

如2000年完型第41題：

He must store a large quantity of grain ___ consuming all his grain immediately.

[A]other than [B]as well as [C]instead of [D]more than

答案：C

解析：此處考查的是邏輯關(guān)系，需要根據(jù)空前和空后來(lái)判斷。空前“儲(chǔ)存了大量糧食”與空后“消耗所有糧食”形成對(duì)立關(guān)系，選C instead of。

二、因果關(guān)系

常用的標(biāo)志詞和短語(yǔ)有：because, for, since, as, thus, hence, therefore, so, so…that, such…that, in order that, consequently, accordingly, due to, thanks to, in response to, on account of, because of, considering that, seeing that, in that, now that, lest, as a result, for this reason等。

如2004年完型第34題：

More families consist of one parent households or two working parents, ___, children are likely to have less supervision at home.

[A]contrarily [B]consequently [C]similarly [D]simultaneously

答案：B

解析：此處考查的是邏輯關(guān)系，需要根據(jù)空前和空后來(lái)判斷。空前“更多的家庭是單親家庭或雙工家庭”與空后“孩子在家很少受到監(jiān)管”之間是因果關(guān)系，故所B consequently。

三、并列關(guān)系

常用的標(biāo)志詞和短語(yǔ)有：and, or, neither…nor, either…or, not only…but also, likewise, similarly, equally, in the same way, that is to say, as well as, same…as等。

如2004年完型第25題：

Theories focusing on the role of society suggest that children commit crimes in response to their failure to rise above their socioeconomic status, ___ as a rejection of middle-class values.

[A]or [B]but rather [C]but [D]or else

答案：A

解析：此處考查的是邏輯關(guān)系，需要根據(jù)空前和空后來(lái)判斷。空前“沒(méi)有成功提升社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)地位”與空后“排斥中產(chǎn)階級(jí)的價(jià)值觀”都可能是“犯罪”的原因，故空前和空后之間是并列關(guān)系，選A or。

四、總分關(guān)系

常用的標(biāo)志詞和短語(yǔ)有：such as, for example, for instance, to illustrate, as an illustration, to take an example, more specifically等。

如2001年完型第31題：

The government is to ban payments to witnesses by newspapers seeking to buy up people involved in prominent cases ___ the trial of Rosemary West.

[A]as to [B]for instance [C]in particular [D]such as

答案：D

解析：此處考查的是邏輯關(guān)系，需要根據(jù)空前和空后來(lái)判斷。空前“prominent cases”與空后“the trial of Rosemary West”是包含的關(guān)系，總體與部分的關(guān)系，可以選for instance和such as，但for instance后面不能直接加名詞，such as后要直接加名詞，故選D such as。

五、遞進(jìn)關(guān)系

常用的標(biāo)志詞和短語(yǔ)有：then, besides, additionally, in addition, furthermore, moreover, what is more等。

如1994年完型第46題：

Too often, careless use of words prevents a meeting of the minds of the speaker and listener. The words used by the speaker may stir up unfavorable reactions in the listener which interfere with his comprehension; hence, the transmission-reception system breaks down.

___, inaccurate or indefinite words may make it difficult for the listener to understand the message which is being transmitted to him.

[A]Moreover [B]However [C]Preliminarily [D]Unexpectedly

答案：A

解析：此處考查的是邏輯關(guān)系，需要根據(jù)空前和空后來(lái)判斷。此空位于段首，需要考慮本段與上一段的邏輯關(guān)系，上一段提到“careless use of words”給交談帶來(lái)的障礙，空后則提到“inaccurate or indefinite words”理解信息造成的困難。前后是遞進(jìn)關(guān)系，故選擇A moreover。

掌握了邏輯關(guān)系這一個(gè)法寶，完型得分就不再是問(wèn)題。