四六級：這些常考的傳統文化類翻譯，你會幾個?

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紅樓夢

《紅樓夢》問世二百年以來,通過漢文原文和各種譯文讀過此書的人,不知有多少億!這么多的讀者哪一個是先看批評家的文章,然而再讓批評家牽著鼻子走,按圖索驥地去讀原作呢?我看是絕無僅有的。一切文學作品,特別是象《紅樓夢》這樣偉大的作品,內容異常地豐富,涉及到的社會層面異常地多,簡直象是一個寶山，一座迷宮。而讀者群就更加復雜，他們來讀《紅樓夢》，會各就自己的特點，欣賞該書中的某一個方面，受到鼓舞，受到啟發，引起了喜愛;也可能受到打擊，引起了憎惡。總之是千差萬別。

Ever since the publication of A Dream of Red Mansions some 200 years ago, hundreds of millions of people have read its Chinese original or its translations in various languages. Of these innumerable people, how many have read the novel by starting with a perusal of the critics' articles and allowing themselves to be led by the nose by the critics as to how to read the novel? Next to none. All literary works, especially a monumental one like A Dream of Red Mansions, are extremely rich in content and involve diverse social strata-to such an extent that they virtually resemble a mountain of treasure or a labyrinth. And the readers are even more complicated, differing from each other in family background. They will each appreciate a certain aspect of the novel according to their own individuality. They may feel inspired and enlightened, and hence love it, or they may feel hurt, and hence loathe it. In short, the reactions vary.

旗袍

旗袍(qipao)是一種雅致的中國服裝,源于中國的滿族(Manchu Nationality)。在清代,旗袍是王室女性穿著的寬松長袍。上世紀20年代，受西方服飾的影響，旗袍發生了一些變化。袖口(cuffs)變窄，袍身變短。這些變化使女性美得以充分展現。如今，旗袍經常出現在世界級的時裝秀上。中國女性出席重要社交聚會時，旗袍往往是她們的首選。很多中國新娘也會選擇旗袍作為結婚禮服。一些有影響的人士甚至建議將旗袍作為中國女性的民族服飾。

Qipao,an exquisite Chinese clothing, originates from China’s Manchu Nationality.

In the Qing Dynasty, it was a loose robe for the royal women. In the 1920s, influenced by Western clothing, it went through many changes.For example, the cuffs went narrower, and the dress got shorter. These changes enabled Qipao to fully elaborate women’s beauty.

Nowadays, Qipao quite often appears on world-class fashionshows. It is usually the first choice for Chinese women as they attend socialparties. Meanwhile, many Chinese brides will select it as their wedding dress.Some influential personalities even suggest making it as the national costumefor Chinese women.

長城

長城是人類創造的世界奇跡之一。如果你到了中國卻沒去過長城，就想到了巴黎沒有去看看菲爾鐵塔，或者就像到了埃及沒有去看金字塔一樣。人們常說：“不到長城非好漢。”實際上，長城最初只是一些斷斷續續的城墻，直到秦朝統一中國后才將其連城長城。然而，今天我們看到的長城——東起山海關，西至嘉峪關——大部分都是在明代修建的。

The Great Wall is one of the wonders of the world that created by human beings! If you come to China without climbing the Great Wall, it's just like going Paris without visiting the Eiffel Tower; or going to Egypt without visiting the Pyramids! Men often say, "He who doest not reach the Great Wall is not a true man."In fact, it began as independent walls for different states when it was first built, and did not become the "Great Wall" until the Qin Dynasty. However, the wall we see today, starting from Shanhaiguan Pass in the east to Jiayunguan Pass in the west, was mostly built during the Ming Dynasty.

孔子：孔子(ConfUcius)是一位思想家、政治家，教育家，也是中國儒 學(the Ru School)思想的創始人。儒學(Confucianism)，這個道德和 宗教哲學的大系統建立在孔圣人(Master Kung)的教學上。馮友蘭，中國思想史上20世紀偉大的的權威之一，把孔子在中國歷史上的影 響比作西方的蘇格拉底。

Confucius was a thinker, political figure, educator, and founder of the Ru School of Chinese thought. Confucianism, the great system of moral and religious philosophy built upon the teachings of Master Kung. Fung You-lan, one of the great 20th century authorities on the history ofChinese thought, compares Confucius9 influence in Chinese history with that of Socrates in the West.