2018年考研英語(yǔ)一試題答案解析

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2018年全國(guó)碩士研究生入學(xué)統(tǒng)一考試英語(yǔ)(一)試題答案詳解

注意：英語(yǔ)試卷為花卷，以答案內(nèi)容進(jìn)行核對(duì)

Section I Use of English

1、【答案】[B] for

【解析】此處考察介詞的用法。it’s a necessary condition ____ many worthwhile things (信任是一個(gè)必要條件_____許多重要事情) 此處應(yīng)該是說(shuō)，信任對(duì)許多重要事情來(lái)說(shuō)是一個(gè)必要條件。B選項(xiàng)for(對(duì)...來(lái)說(shuō))符合語(yǔ)義，故為正確答案;A選項(xiàng)from(來(lái)自于)，C選項(xiàng)like(像...)，D選項(xiàng)on(關(guān)于)語(yǔ)義不恰當(dāng)，故排除。

2、【答案】[C] faith

【解析】此處考察詞義辨析和中心一致性原則。第一段首句提出主題句：trust is a tricky business (信任是一個(gè)奇怪的東西)。后面進(jìn)一步對(duì)該主題句進(jìn)行解釋說(shuō)明：On the one hand, it’s a necessary condition ___ for ___ many worthwhile things: child care, friendships, etc. (一方面，信任對(duì)許多重要事情來(lái)說(shuō)是必要條件，比如照看孩子，友誼等)，這句話在說(shuō)信任的好處。On the other hand, putting your ___ in the wrong place often carries a high ____. (另一方面，把...放在錯(cuò)誤的地方往往會(huì)帶來(lái)巨大...)，顯然這句話依舊在解釋主題詞“trust”，只有C選項(xiàng)faith(信任、忠誠(chéng))與trust屬于近義詞復(fù)現(xiàn)，故正確答案為[C] faith。

3、【答案】[B] price

【解析】此處考察詞義辨析。第一段首句提出主題句：trust is a tricky business(信任是一個(gè)奇怪的東西)。后面進(jìn)一步對(duì)該主題句進(jìn)行解釋說(shuō)明：On the one hand, it’s a necessary condition __ for __ many worthwhile things: child care, friendships, etc. (一方面，信任對(duì)許多重要事情來(lái)說(shuō)是必要條件，比如照看孩子，友誼等)，這句話在說(shuō)信任的好處。On the other hand, putting your ___ in the wrong place often carries a high____. (另一方面，把...放在錯(cuò)誤的地方往往會(huì)帶來(lái)巨大...)，顯然這句話依舊在解釋主題詞“trust”，并且根據(jù)空格所在句中的關(guān)鍵詞“wrong place”，本句應(yīng)該在說(shuō)信任不當(dāng)?shù)谋锥耍�所以空格處�?yīng)該填入一個(gè)負(fù)向感情色彩的詞，故A選項(xiàng)benefit和D選項(xiàng)hope排除，而C選項(xiàng)debt(債務(wù))帶入之后語(yǔ)義不當(dāng)，故正確答案為[B] price(代價(jià))。

4、【答案】[D] Then

【解析】此處考察邏輯關(guān)系。上段講述的是信任的好處和信任不當(dāng)?shù)谋锥恕５诙�段段首提出�?wèn)題：“_____我們?yōu)槭裁匆�信�?rdquo;。只有D選項(xiàng)then(那么)填入后能形成順暢的語(yǔ)義和邏輯關(guān)系。故正確答案為D then(那么)。A選項(xiàng)again(再次)表示強(qiáng)調(diào);B選項(xiàng)instead(但是、然而)表示轉(zhuǎn)折;C選項(xiàng)therefore(因此)表示結(jié)果，不符合要求，故排除。

5、【答案】[A] When

【解析】此處考察邏輯關(guān)系。空格所在句含義為：______人們信任一個(gè)人或一個(gè)組織機(jī)構(gòu)，他們的大腦會(huì)釋放催產(chǎn)素。只有A選項(xiàng)when(當(dāng)..時(shí)候)填入后符合邏輯要求，故正確答案為A選項(xiàng)when。其他三個(gè)選項(xiàng)B選項(xiàng)unless(如果不)表?xiàng)l件，C選項(xiàng)although(盡管)表讓步，D選項(xiàng)until(直到...)表時(shí)間，帶入后均語(yǔ)義不通順，故排除。

6、【答案】[C] produce

【解析】此處考察動(dòng)賓搭配問(wèn)題。上文指出：When people place their trust in an …their brains release oxytocin, a hormone.上文指出當(dāng)人們產(chǎn)生信任感，大腦就會(huì)產(chǎn)生一種荷爾蒙，后面是定語(yǔ)從句，句內(nèi)的動(dòng)賓搭配， 可推知這個(gè)荷爾蒙能產(chǎn)生令人愉悅的情緒， 并且與后面的trigger同義復(fù)現(xiàn)，因此C .produce 正確。

7、【答案】[A] connect

【解析】此處考察上下文信息照應(yīng)題。上文講到這種荷爾蒙能夠激發(fā)一種群居本能，the herding instinct that leads sheep to flock together for safety and promote …with one another，這種本能有兩個(gè)作用，并用and 連接，所以復(fù)現(xiàn)同義and 前面的flock together. 因此選擇A. connect

8、【答案】[B] to

【解析】此處考察上下語(yǔ)境下的名詞介詞搭配問(wèn)題。根據(jù)上文的結(jié)論，下文實(shí)驗(yàn)展開(kāi)分析，Swiss scientists have found that exposure to this hormone puts us….所以研究中要求受試者要先處于這種環(huán)境中，所以名詞exposure to 構(gòu)成搭配語(yǔ)義關(guān)系，表示“接觸”的意思，因此選擇to。

9、【答案】[D] mood

【解析】此處考察上下文的信息對(duì)應(yīng)和句內(nèi)信息對(duì)應(yīng)。上文提到身體會(huì)產(chǎn)生荷爾蒙，會(huì)給你帶來(lái)一種愉悅的情緒pleasurable feelings，這個(gè)上文結(jié)論。實(shí)驗(yàn)中exposure to this hormone puts us in a trusting …，因此，根據(jù)上下文，試驗(yàn)中，處于這種荷爾蒙環(huán)境中，會(huì)給人帶來(lái)情緒;語(yǔ)氣;心境;。因此選擇 mood。

10、【答案】[A] counterparts

【解析】此處考察上下文的信息對(duì)應(yīng)和句內(nèi)信息對(duì)應(yīng)。上文指出，In a study, researchers sprayed oxytocin into the noses of half the subjects ,可推知本句再講與另外一組受試者比較。故選擇A。counterparts. 相對(duì)物，相對(duì)應(yīng)的人。

11、【答案】[C] Lucky

【解析】此處考察上下文的邏輯關(guān)系。因?yàn)檫@個(gè)句子當(dāng)中有個(gè)詞also，說(shuō)明前文和后文情感是一致的關(guān)系。說(shuō)我們有這兩種天賦，對(duì)大家來(lái)說(shuō)都是好事，所以需要選擇一個(gè)正向的情感色彩。只能選擇lucky。A選項(xiàng)odd 奇怪的是，B選項(xiàng)funny 有趣的是，D選項(xiàng)ironic 諷刺的是，皆不符合文意。

12、【答案】[A] protect

【解析】此處考察上下文的成分搭配。因?yàn)檫@個(gè)句子當(dāng)中有個(gè)詞also，說(shuō)明前文和后文情感是并列平行關(guān)系，前后情感應(yīng)該一致。所以此處只能選擇protect 保護(hù)我們，符合文意。B選項(xiàng)delight 使高興; C 選項(xiàng) surprise 使震驚;D選項(xiàng)monitor 監(jiān)控皆不符合文意。

13、【答案】[D] between

【解析】此處考察固定搭配。differentiate between A and B. 介詞between表示在A和B之間 , 原文含義為：“4個(gè)月大的孩子可以區(qū)分出一個(gè)可信的人和一個(gè)不誠(chéng)實(shí)的人”。

14、【答案】[C] introduced

【解析】此處考察成分搭配。原文表達(dá)： Sixty toddlers were each______ to an adult tester holding a plastic container. 只有C選項(xiàng)be introduced to sth表示“初次認(rèn)識(shí)某事物”，符合文意。A 選項(xiàng)added 添加;B選項(xiàng)transferred轉(zhuǎn)移;D選項(xiàng) entrusted 委托，皆不符合文意。

15、【答案】[B] inside

【解析】此處考察介詞搭配及詞義復(fù)現(xiàn)。原文表達(dá)：“What’s in here?” before looking into the container…… Each subject was then invited to _________. 只有選擇B選項(xiàng)inside 才能和前文所表達(dá)的in here和looking into一脈相承。

16、【答案】[D] discovered

【解析】此處考察詞義復(fù)現(xiàn)，屬于句子內(nèi)部的顯性線索。根據(jù)原文Half of them found a toy; the other half 16 the container was empty… 這是用分號(hào)并列的連個(gè)句子，都是在講試驗(yàn)的結(jié)果句型結(jié)構(gòu)基本一致，前半句再講一半的受測(cè)者在盒子里面找到了玩具，后半句肯定是再說(shuō)另半會(huì)怎么樣，兩個(gè)小分句的結(jié)構(gòu)基本一致Half of them = the other half，found=16，a toy= the container was empty，所以16題填入的應(yīng)該是found的同義詞，發(fā)現(xiàn)的含義，故D為正確選項(xiàng)。

17、【答案】[A] fooled

【解析】此處句間邏輯關(guān)系，屬于句子內(nèi)部的顯性線索。—and realized the tester had 17 them，此句位于破折號(hào)后面，是對(duì)前面意思的解釋說(shuō)明。前面提到另一半人發(fā)現(xiàn)盒子是空的，并且意識(shí)到測(cè)試者對(duì)他們?cè)趺礃樱�既然盒子是空的那么肯定認(rèn)識(shí)到測(cè)試者是在戲弄他們，所以作對(duì)此題必須要理解tester測(cè)試者是主語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)是them指的是受測(cè)者，主語(yǔ)的意思決定了謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的含義為戲弄，故A fooled為正確選項(xiàng)。

18、【答案】[B] willing

【解析】 此處考察搭配關(guān)系，屬于句子內(nèi)部的顯性線索。Among the children who had not been tricked, the majority were 18 to cooperate with the tester in learning a new skill, demonstrating that they trusted his leadership. 根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)我們可以看出逗號(hào)之前是一個(gè)介詞短語(yǔ)意為在所有沒(méi)有被戲弄過(guò)的孩子里面，大多數(shù)的孩子在習(xí)得一種新技能的時(shí)候與測(cè)試者的合作是怎么樣的，demonstrating that they trusted his leadership表明這些孩子信任他的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)，所以既然信任他們就是愿意與其合作，故選擇B. willing，與were willing to 構(gòu)成固定搭配，意為愿意。

19、【答案】[D] In contrast

【解析】此處考察句間的邏輯關(guān)系。19, only five of the 30 children paired with the “20” tester participated in a follow-up activity. 通過(guò)該句中的only僅僅，可以看出與上文的 the majority of 形成鮮明的對(duì)比，19題應(yīng)該填入的應(yīng)該是表示轉(zhuǎn)折，與上文形成對(duì)比的邏輯關(guān)系詞。分析四個(gè)選項(xiàng)A表示總結(jié)，B表示結(jié)果，C表示舉例子，只有D表示轉(zhuǎn)折，對(duì)比，故D為正確選項(xiàng)。

20、【答案】[C] unreliable

【解析】此處考察詞義辨析。19, only five of the 30 children paired with the “20” tester participated in a follow-up activity.該句含義為：在接下來(lái)的活動(dòng)中30個(gè)孩子中只有5個(gè)孩子與。。。樣的測(cè)試者能合作，所以結(jié)合上文提到的大部分孩子信任測(cè)試者，但是5/30屬于一小部分，大部分對(duì)應(yīng)的是信任，那么小比例的對(duì)應(yīng)的是不信任，所以 tester的修飾詞應(yīng)該為C，unreliable不可靠的，不可信任的，故C為正確選項(xiàng)。

Section II Reading Comprehension

Part A

Text 1

21、【答案】D Middle-class workers

【解析】根據(jù)題干中“threatned”和“automation”定位到第一段首句“the annoyi-ng challenge facing the middle class is one that...for their jobs”中的challenge和第二段的最后三句話，可以得知相對(duì)于低收入者和富人，中產(chǎn)階級(jí)受到的沖擊最大。

22、【答案】C Issues arising from automation need to be tackled

【解析】根據(jù)題干可定位到第三段中的首句“this isn’t to be alarmist”和末句“But ... middle-class workers may need a lot of help adjusting”，but轉(zhuǎn)折句再一次強(qiáng)調(diào)了作者的觀點(diǎn)，即中產(chǎn)階級(jí)工人需要很多幫助來(lái)調(diào)整應(yīng)對(duì)問(wèn)題。同時(shí)，末句中”may need a lot of help”同義替換成選項(xiàng)C中的“need to be tackled”，自動(dòng)化帶來(lái)的問(wèn)題需要被解決，得出C答案。

23、【答案】A creative potential

【解析】根據(jù)題干中的關(guān)鍵詞可定位到第四段第二句“Curriculums—from grammar school to college—should evolve to focus less on memorizing facts and more on creativity and complex communication”。由該句可知，課程應(yīng)該更關(guān)注創(chuàng)造性和復(fù)雜的溝通而非記憶事實(shí)。所以，應(yīng)該選C選項(xiàng)creative potential(創(chuàng)造潛能)，同義替換為creativity。

24、【答案】D preventing the income gap from widening

【解析】該題考查作者的觀點(diǎn)，根據(jù)題干中的關(guān)鍵詞可定位到第六段第一句“Finally, because automation threatens to widen the gap between capital income and labor income, taxes and the safety net will have to be rethought”。由該句可知，由于自動(dòng)化加大了資本收入和勞動(dòng)力收入的差距，所以應(yīng)該重新考慮稅收和安全網(wǎng)(保障措施)，即稅收政策應(yīng)該避免收入差距擴(kuò)大，選D選項(xiàng)preventing the income gap from widening。

25、【答案】B possible solutions to it

【解析】作者在文章第一、二段提出問(wèn)題“中產(chǎn)階級(jí)受自動(dòng)化危害最大”之后，第三段的末尾句提出中產(chǎn)階級(jí)需要幫助去適應(yīng)自動(dòng)化的發(fā)展，接下來(lái)第四段至第六段介紹解決方法，最后一段表明作者觀點(diǎn)。所以應(yīng)該選B 選項(xiàng)possible solutions to it(解決問(wèn)題的相應(yīng)方法)。

Text 2

26、【答案】[D] social media as a reliable source of news

【解析】雙段推理題。根據(jù)題目定位到第1段和第2段，雙段推理優(yōu)先考慮雙段主旨。第一段中心句為最后一句話：Millennials prefer news from the White House to be filtered through other sources, not a president’s social media platform。“千禧一代喜歡白宮直接發(fā)布的消息…而不是總統(tǒng)社交媒體發(fā)布的信息”，說(shuō)明他們不太信任社交媒體。第2段中心為第二句轉(zhuǎn)折之后，說(shuō)明對(duì)于社交媒體的不信任上升。故雙段中心都和他們不信任社交媒體相關(guān)。結(jié)合以上信息，得出社交媒體信息不可靠，選擇D。

27、【答案】[A] sharpen

【解析】詞匯釋義題。根據(jù)題目定位到第2段第2句：Yet as distrust has risen toward all media,people may be starting to beef up their media literacy skills。句子的情感色彩判斷，因?yàn)槎禾?hào)前提到“人們對(duì)于所有媒體的不信任增加”，可以推知人們應(yīng)該開(kāi)始增強(qiáng)其媒體素養(yǎng)的技能，故選A。

28. 【答案】B verify news by referring to diverse sources.

【解析】范例證明題。根據(jù)題干定位至第三段第二句話。因?yàn)槟稠?xiàng)研究一般是論據(jù)證明前面的論點(diǎn)，故答案應(yīng)該位于第一句話“Young people who are digital natives are indeed becoming more skillful at seperating fact from fiction in cyberspace.” 說(shuō)明答案應(yīng)該“和年輕人更容易把網(wǎng)絡(luò)中的事實(shí)和虛假信息區(qū)分開(kāi)來(lái)”，故答案為B“驗(yàn)證新聞的真?zhèn)?rdquo;。為了精確可以在論據(jù)中去驗(yàn)證，論據(jù)中提到“verify stories”, “cross check sources”和“prefer news from different perspectives”，都是和多重角度驗(yàn)證信息真?zhèn)蜗嚓P(guān)的。

29. 【答案】C readers’ misinterpretation

【解析】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干定位至第五段第三句found之后a main reason對(duì)應(yīng)the top reason，而原文剩余信息為“reader error”, 所以應(yīng)該和讀者相關(guān)。Error應(yīng)該對(duì)應(yīng)misinterpretation, 故答案為C readers’ misinterpretation。若本句不清晰，下句進(jìn)一步說(shuō)明答案的內(nèi)容，文中misintepretation or exerggeration of actual news進(jìn)一步印證C為正確答案。

30. 【答案】A A Rise in Critical Skills for Sharing News Online

【解析】全文主旨題。本篇文章屬于篇首轉(zhuǎn)折，二段轉(zhuǎn)折之后為全文主旨，yet之后說(shuō)道：“Yet as distrust has risen toward all media, people may be strarting to beef up their media literacy skills”.“隨著對(duì)于所有媒體不信任的上升，人們開(kāi)始增強(qiáng)其媒體素養(yǎng)的技能”，故答案為A。為了驗(yàn)證，可以看篇末，篇末重申主題，so之后講道“so when young people are critical of an over-tweeting president, they reaveal a mental discipline in thinking skills-and in their choices on when to share on social media.” 更進(jìn)一步說(shuō)明和人們批判性看待社交媒體上的新聞相關(guān)。

Text 3

31、【答案】[B] It failed to pay due attention to patients’ rights.

【解析】細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干中的NHS, DeepMind和agreement回文定位第一段第四句“It is against that background that the information commissioner, has issued her damning verdict against the Royal Free hospital trust under the NHS, which handed over to DeepMind the records of 1.6 million patients in 2015 on the basis of a vague agreement which took far too little account of the patients’ rights and their expectations of privacy”。根據(jù)a vague agreement which took far too little account of the patients’ rights and their expectations of privacy這一部分的語(yǔ)義信息，說(shuō)明NHS與DeepMind之間的協(xié)議沒(méi)有充分考慮到病人的權(quán)利與隱私。這句話的言外之意就是協(xié)議未能充分關(guān)注病人的權(quán)利。故確定答案為選項(xiàng)B，其中failed to是took far too little account的同義改寫(xiě)。

32、【答案】[C] necessary adjustments.

【解析】細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干中的NHS trust, 以及Denham’s verdict回文定位第二段第二句“The NHS trust has mended its ways.” 根據(jù)第二句的語(yǔ)義信息，NHS trust針對(duì)Denham’s verdict已經(jīng)調(diào)整了其與DeepMind的協(xié)議內(nèi)容，故通過(guò)同義替換，可確定正確答案為C。

33、【答案】[D] the value of data comes from the processing of it.

【解析】推理題。根據(jù)題干，此題定位在第二段最后一句but之后的轉(zhuǎn)折句。“But this distinction misses the point that it is processing and aggregation, not the mere possession of bits, that gives data value”. 這種區(qū)分忽視了一個(gè)點(diǎn)：是處理和收集賦予數(shù)據(jù)意義，而不是擁有數(shù)據(jù)。 選項(xiàng)中的 “processing”和原文中的“processing”原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)。 選項(xiàng)中的“the value of data”對(duì)應(yīng)原文中的“data value”。因此，D項(xiàng)為正確答案。

34、【答案】[D] the monopoly of big data by tech giants.

【解析】細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干此題定位在文中最后一段的第四句。“What matters is that they will belong to a private monopoly which developed them using public resources.”重要的是這些進(jìn)步屬于一個(gè)私人壟斷企業(yè)，而私人壟斷企來(lái)使用公共資源進(jìn)行研發(fā)。而這正真正的擔(dān)憂所在。因此，選項(xiàng)D為正確答案, the monopoly of big data by tech giants對(duì)應(yīng)原文中的a private monopoly。

35、【答案】[B] cautious

【解析】態(tài)度題。本題考查作者對(duì)本文主題“將人工智能應(yīng)用于醫(yī)療健康”的態(tài)度。根據(jù)順序性原則定位在最后一段。該段倒數(shù)第三句話指出“我們目前依然處于這一改革的前期，并且任何小的選擇都會(huì)對(duì)未來(lái)產(chǎn)生深遠(yuǎn)的影響”，其中“still”一詞，以及“small”(小)和“gigantic”(巨大的)對(duì)比，都體現(xiàn)出了作者對(duì)待整個(gè)事件是小心謹(jǐn)慎的態(tài)度，因此[B] cautious為正確答案。

Text 4

36、【答案】[B] its rigid management

【解析】根據(jù)題干判斷本題考查因果細(xì)節(jié)。第一段的前三句都是有關(guān)USPS的具體數(shù)字，屬于細(xì)節(jié)信息。第四句出現(xiàn)many reasons很多原因。緊接著下面就有fundamentally根本原因是， 所以定位在第一段的最后一句。然后分析這個(gè)長(zhǎng)難句，USPS 處在squeeze between 1 and 2,中，1是technological change, 2是structure. 2的structure后定語(yǔ)從句：denies management flexibility 對(duì)應(yīng)選項(xiàng)B: rigid management。

【干擾項(xiàng)分析】：選項(xiàng)A，budget文中未有涉及。 選項(xiàng)C，雖然有提到technological ,原文technological change 后的定語(yǔ)從句說(shuō)的是：技術(shù)改革降低需求，并沒(méi)有提到cost成本問(wèn)題。選項(xiàng)D，the withdrawal of bank support 銀行支持撤銷(xiāo)了，原文并沒(méi)有提及銀行支持，直接排除。

37、【答案】[A] the interference from interest groups

【解析】 根據(jù)題干due to，判斷本題考查因果細(xì)節(jié)。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞：USPS fails to modernize 定位到原文第二段最后一句，在這句前l(fā)eaving，留下，導(dǎo)致這個(gè)結(jié)果，往前找原因，前一句提到reform legislation, 而且這句前還有this is why，只要找到代詞this指代就可以判斷選項(xiàng)。代詞往前推，根據(jù)這句主干interest groups exerts pressure on Congress選擇選項(xiàng)A，interference 對(duì)應(yīng) exert pressure on。

【干擾項(xiàng)分析】選項(xiàng)B，the inadequate funding from Congress,原文雖然有提到Congress國(guó)會(huì)，the aspect of status quo get protected, 國(guó)會(huì)保護(hù)USPS，并沒(méi)有提及inadequate funding基金不足。選項(xiàng)C，the shrinking demand for postal service 郵政需求縮減，文中沒(méi)有提及。選項(xiàng)D, the incompetence of postal unions 郵政工會(huì)的不作為。文章有提到工會(huì)，但是只提他們是屬于Interest groups,并沒(méi)有提到無(wú)作為。

38、【答案】[A] removing its burden of retiree health care

【解析】 因果細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)38題題干The long-standing complaint by the ....回文定位到第3段，最后一句：“ The latter step would largely offset the financial burden of annually pre-funding retiree health care, thus....” .再根據(jù)題干中“ can be addressed by” 即：通過(guò)哪種方式解決，此處為解題要點(diǎn)，通過(guò)哪種方式來(lái)解決，前后明顯為結(jié)果與途徑的關(guān)系，即可理解為因果關(guān)系。文章此句后半句正是題干，thus前半句為答案The latter step would largely offset the financial burden of annually pre-funding retiree health care。與 A. B . C .D 四個(gè)選項(xiàng)匹配后，正確答案為 A removing its burden of retiree health care。

39、【答案】[C] discontent

【解析】根據(jù)題干可以判斷本題為觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。回文定位到最后一段。題干“the author seems to view legislators with”, 具體定位到最后一段倒數(shù)第2句：“ The emerging.....is a sign that legislators are getting frightened.......” 再根據(jù)題干，問(wèn)作者最終態(tài)度，本段最后一句，轉(zhuǎn)折句是作者最終的態(tài)度：“ It is not, however, a sign that they’re getting serious about....” , 即作者認(rèn)為他們并沒(méi)有認(rèn)真對(duì)待。所以此處作者態(tài)度為否定。匹配A B C D 四個(gè)選項(xiàng) 只有C discontent( 不滿)為負(fù)向信息，所以為正確答案。

40、【答案】[D] The Postal Service Needs more than a Band-Aid

【解析】根據(jù)題干特征詞“best title”，這是一道主旨題。根據(jù)前四道題問(wèn)的主題，第一道題和第二道題是USPS出現(xiàn)了問(wèn)題，并分析原因，第三道題給出解決方法，第四道題提到作者對(duì)于這個(gè)方法的態(tài)度，即提出問(wèn)題—分析問(wèn)題—解決問(wèn)題，并在最后給出作者對(duì)這個(gè)解決方案的評(píng)價(jià)。根據(jù)這個(gè)文章框架，首先A選項(xiàng)“USPS開(kāi)始錯(cuò)過(guò)了它的好時(shí)光”，這只是提出問(wèn)題，相對(duì)片面;B選項(xiàng)“USPS：不要?jiǎng)游业哪汤?rdquo;, 這是拒絕解決問(wèn)題的態(tài)度，不符合文章的寫(xiě)作思路;C選項(xiàng)“USPS：慢性病需要快方法”，這個(gè)chronic和quick都沒(méi)有在文中提到;D選項(xiàng)“USPS需要的不僅僅是權(quán)宜之計(jì)”，這說(shuō)的其實(shí)作者對(duì)于解決方案的評(píng)價(jià)，在文章最后一段。這段最后結(jié)尾有But，有however， “it[指代前文講的方法] is not a sign……”，對(duì)此作者表示否定態(tài)度。所以D選項(xiàng)為正確答案。

Part B

41、【答案】 [E] The Eisenhower Executive Office Building(EEOB) commands a…

【解析】 E段首先介紹EEOB的全稱(chēng)，對(duì)全文進(jìn)行概述提出話題，可選為41題答案。同時(shí)，從給定選項(xiàng)C第一句提到the State, War，and Navy Building…，the在此特指，可以作為另一一個(gè)線索，在E選項(xiàng)中最后一句，復(fù)現(xiàn)了the State, War，and Navy Building...。故41題答案選E。

42、【答案】[G] The history of the EEOB began long before its…

【解析】C選項(xiàng)最后一句談到了many historic events(建筑內(nèi)呈現(xiàn)了歷史事件)，而G選項(xiàng)第一句提到了the history of the EEOB…(EEOB的歷史...)，意思一致，承上啟下，故42題答案選G。

43、【答案】[A] In December of 1869, Congress appointed…

【解析】確定G后，根據(jù)G選項(xiàng)最后一句，...the demolition of the State Department Building(談到拆除the State Department Building), 而A選項(xiàng)中談到了select a site and prepare plans and cost estimates for a new State Department，建立一個(gè)新的State Department Building，前后意思順接，故43題答案選A。

44、【答案】[B] Completed in 1875, the State Department’s south wing…

【解析】 根據(jù)給定的F段，首句是段落大意，該句提到了...as the building slowly rose wing by wing(該建筑逐翼展開(kāi)). 而B(niǎo)選項(xiàng)第一句談到了...south wing was the first to be occupied(首先坐落在南翼)，然后在B選項(xiàng)最后一句又談到...moved into the east wing(之后又移至東翼). 先在F段總起，再在B段中分說(shuō)，前后對(duì)應(yīng)，故44題答案選B.

45、【答案】[D] Many of the most celebrated national figures…

【解析】 B段結(jié)尾處談到了where elaborate wall…decorated the office of the Secretary(這些精美的墻....裝飾了秘書(shū)處的辦公室)，而D段第一句提到了...that have taken place within the EEOB’s granite walls(歷史事件在這些EEOB的墻上呈現(xiàn)), the wall原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)，兩句話意思一致，故45題答案選D。

Section III Translation

(46) By the date of his birth Europe was witnessing the passing of the religious drama, and the creation of new forms under the incentive of classical tragedy and comedy.

【題目考點(diǎn)】代詞還原;并列結(jié)構(gòu)

【句子結(jié)構(gòu)】and并列兩個(gè)句子，主干分別為：…Europe was witnessing the passing … and the creation of …;of the religious drama為定語(yǔ)修飾the passing;under the incentive of classical tragedy and comedy為狀語(yǔ)

【重點(diǎn)詞匯】witness 見(jiàn)證 religious宗教的 drama戲劇 incentive刺激

【參考譯文】莎士比亞出生之時(shí)，歐洲宗教戲劇正在消逝，在古典悲劇和戲劇的推動(dòng)下，很多新的戲劇形式應(yīng)運(yùn)而生。

(47) no boy who went to a grammar school could be ignorant that the drama was a form of literature which gave glory to Greece and Rome and might yet bring honor to England.

【題目考點(diǎn)】定語(yǔ)從句;賓語(yǔ)從句;并列結(jié)構(gòu)

【句子結(jié)構(gòu)】主句主干：no boy… could be ignorant that…。who引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句修飾boy， that引導(dǎo)為形容詞ignorant的賓語(yǔ)從句，which引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句修飾a form of literature， gave…and might bring honor…為先行詞a form of literature的并列謂語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)。

【重點(diǎn)詞匯】grammar school 文法學(xué)校 ignorant忽視 literature文學(xué) glory 榮耀

【參考譯文】任何文法學(xué)校的學(xué)生都知道戲劇是一種文學(xué)形式，它曾給希臘和羅馬帶來(lái)榮耀，也許同樣會(huì)給英格蘭帶來(lái)殊榮。

(48) But the professional companies prospered in their permanent theaters, and university men with literary ambitions were quick to turn to these theaters as offering a means of livelihood.

【題目考點(diǎn)】并列句

【句子結(jié)構(gòu)】并列句主干分別為：…companies prospered … and university men …were quick to…

【重點(diǎn)詞匯】professional 專(zhuān)業(yè)的 prosper繁榮 permanent theater永久性劇院

【參考譯文】但是專(zhuān)業(yè)公司的永久性劇院卻興旺起來(lái)，于是高校一些有著文學(xué)抱負(fù)的人迅速抓住機(jī)遇，將其作為一個(gè)謀生手段。

(49) A native literary drama had been created, its alliance with the public playhouses established, and at least some of its great traditions had been begun.

【題目考點(diǎn)】伴隨狀語(yǔ)，并列結(jié)構(gòu)，被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)

【句子結(jié)構(gòu)】本句是一個(gè)由and連接的并列句。and前的句子主干為一個(gè)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的簡(jiǎn)單句：a … drama had been created, with引導(dǎo)一個(gè)伴隨狀語(yǔ);and后的句子也為一個(gè)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的簡(jiǎn)單句：some of its great traditions had been begun。

【重點(diǎn)詞匯】alliance作為名詞意為“聯(lián)盟，聯(lián)合;聯(lián)姻”，常與介詞with進(jìn)行搭配使用。establish作為動(dòng)詞意為“建立，創(chuàng)辦”，也可引申為“誕生”。at least為固定搭配，表示“至少”。tradition作為名詞表示“傳統(tǒng)，慣例”。

【參考譯文】一種本土文學(xué)戲劇形式誕生了，它與公共劇院結(jié)成聯(lián)盟，至少它的一些優(yōu)良傳統(tǒng)開(kāi)始登上歷史舞臺(tái)了。

(50) To realize how great was the dramatic activity, we must remember further that hosts of plays have been lost, and that probably there is no author of note whose entire work has survived.

【題目考點(diǎn)】非謂語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)從句，定語(yǔ)從句

【句子結(jié)構(gòu)】本句結(jié)構(gòu)較為復(fù)雜，主句部分為“we must remember…”，主句之前的非謂語(yǔ)to realize作為目的狀語(yǔ)，后接了一個(gè)how引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句。主句中，兩個(gè)that分別引導(dǎo)了兩個(gè)remember的賓語(yǔ)從句，其中第二個(gè)賓語(yǔ)從句中，有一個(gè)whose引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句，修飾author of note。

【重點(diǎn)詞匯】realize作為動(dòng)詞表示“實(shí)現(xiàn)，了解，認(rèn)識(shí)到”。dramatic為drama的形容詞形式，意思為“戲劇的，引人注目的，激動(dòng)人心的”。survive作為動(dòng)詞表示“幸存，活下來(lái);比…活得長(zhǎng)”。hosts of表示“大量的”。

【參考譯文】為了了解戲劇性活動(dòng)有多么偉大，我們必須牢記大量的戲劇已經(jīng)被遺忘了，并且有可能沒(méi)有一位知名作家的所有作品都保留了下來(lái)。

Section IV Writing

51.【參考范文】

Dear professors,

I, on behalf of the Students’ Union, am writing this letter to invite all of you to attend the graduation ceremony.

The ceremony will be held in the Sports Hall of our university on this Friday morning, from 9 a.m. to 11 a.m. The details about the ceremony are as follows. First and foremost, the president will make a speech for the graduates, blessing them to have a bright future. In addition, several experts will be invited to issuing certificates to all the graduates.

It would be a great honor for us to have the accompany of all of you in the graduation ceremony. Therefore, we all hope that you can spare your time to attend it and we are looking forward to your reply to tell us whether you can attend it or not on that day.

Your sincerely,

Li Ming

52.【參考范文】

Exhibited in the cartoon is a sarcastic scene that sitting before a computer, a college student is choosing his optional class, wondering and pondering whether he should choose an easier course or a tougher but creative course. Simple as the picture is, the symbolic meaning it conveys is profound and thought-provoking.

It is beyond doubt that the painter aims to tell us that everyone, especially college students, should have the spirit of creation and innovation. To put it another way, innovation is an essential and indispensable role for anyone who wants to succeed. This can be directly attributed to the fact that one may be caught in dilemma, at least once in life. Such a dilemma may coincidentally be most difficult period in his life. Then there are two choices before him: making a creative choice or an easier one. If he chooses the former and tries to break through the barrier, difficult as it will be, success will be the result one day. However, although it seems to be much easier for him at the moment, the latter choice may kill off his dream and ambition, and such choice then will be a pity all his life.

As college student, definitely, we are facing or will face many difficulties. At such moment, we should bear in mind that creation is a necessary and indispensable quality in our life, a positive attitude to life and an approach to success. Keep the spirit of innovation, and we will win a better life.