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19考研er：英語復(fù)習(xí)之基礎(chǔ)詞匯必備篇

考研英語來源：考研幫綜合整理 2018-01-04　

►state

n. 狀態(tài);情況;州;國家

v. 陳述;說明;規(guī)定

【真題例句】

1)The current state of affairs may have been encouraged -- though not justified -- by the lack of legal penalty (in America, but not Europe) for data leakage. (2007-text 4)

譯文：由于(在美國，而不是歐洲)缺乏對數(shù)據(jù)泄露的法律制裁，因此可能會助長這一事態(tài)的形成，盡管這一點還未得到證實。

2)As a condition of receiving state approval for the sale, the company agreed to seek permission from state regulators to operate past 2012. (2012-text 2)

譯文：作為獲得州銷售許可的條件，該公司同意在2012年后經(jīng)州監(jiān)管部門批準(zhǔn)后再繼續(xù)運營。

►flaw

n. 瑕疵;裂紋;缺點

v. 使破裂;使有缺陷

【真題例句】

1)The most glaring flaw of the social cure as it’s presented here is that it doesn’t work very well for very long.(2012-text1)

譯文：正如這里所顯示的，社會治療最明顯的缺陷是它不能持久地良好運行。

► impact

n. 影響;碰撞;撞擊

v. 撞擊;碰撞;沖擊

【真題例句】

1)Though several fast-fashion campanies have made efforts to curb their impact on labor and the environment -- including H&M, with its green Conscious Collection Line -- Cline believes lasting change can only be effected by the customer. (2013-text 1)

譯文：盡管多家快時尚公司已經(jīng)在盡力控制其對勞動力和環(huán)境的影響(例如H&M推出了環(huán)保意識系列服裝生產(chǎn)線)，但克萊因認(rèn)為，長期的改變只能通過消費者來實現(xiàn)。

► alive

adj. 活著的;有生氣的;活躍的

【真題例句】

1)If the trade unionist Jimmy Hoffa were alive today, he would probably represent civil servant.(2012-text 4)

譯文：如果工會主義者吉米·霍法如今仍然在世，他可能會代表公務(wù)員。

► federal

adj. 聯(lián)邦的

【真題例句】

1)In Arizona V. United States, the majority overturned three of the four contested provisions of Arizona’s controversial plan to have state and local police enforce federal immigration law.(2013-text 4)

譯文：在亞利桑那州和美國政府的對決中，亞利桑那州提出了一項充滿爭議的方案，即讓州警察和地方警察執(zhí)行聯(lián)邦移民法。方案里有四項有爭議的條款，其中三項被多數(shù)票否決。

► mark

n. 痕跡;記號;符號;分?jǐn)?shù)

v. 做標(biāo)記;指出;標(biāo)明

【真題例句】

1)America’s new plan to buy up toxic assets will not work unless banks mark assets to levels which buyers find attractive.(2010-text4)

譯文：美國收購不良資產(chǎn)的新計劃不會起作用，除非銀行將資產(chǎn)售價定到足夠吸引買家的水平上。

► stress

n. 壓力;強調(diào);重點;著重

v. 強調(diào);著重

【真題例句】

1)They should know how to deal with setbacks, stresses and feelings of inadequacy. (2007新題型)

譯文：他們(孩子)應(yīng)該知道如何應(yīng)對挫折、壓力和無法勝任的感覺。

2)Because representative government presupposes an informed citizenry, the report supports full literacy; stresses the study of history and government, particularly American history and American government; and encourages the use of new digital technologies. (2014-text4)

譯文：由于代表制政府是以公民有知識為前提，該報告支持全民讀書寫字;強調(diào)對歷史和政體的研究(尤其是美國歷史和美國政體);鼓勵應(yīng)用新興數(shù)字技術(shù)。

► court

n. 法院;法庭

【真題例句】

1)On a five to three vote, the Supreme Court knocked out much of Arizona’s immigration law Monday -- a modest policy victory for the Obama Administration.(2013-text 4)

譯文：美國聯(lián)邦最高法院周一以5:3的投票結(jié)果否決了亞利桑那州移民法的大部分內(nèi)容。對奧巴馬政府而言，這是它在政策方面取得的一次小勝。

► official

adj. 官方的;法定的

n. 官員;行政人員

【真題例句】

1)But in her new book Join the Club, Tina Rosenberg contends that peer pressure can also be a positive force through what she calls the social cure, in which organizations and officials use the power of group dynamics to help individuals improve their lives and possibly the world.(2012-text 1)

譯文：但是，在其新書《加入俱樂部》中，蒂娜·羅森博格主張，通過“社會治愈”，“同輩壓力”也能成為一種積極的力量。她所謂的“社會治愈”是指機構(gòu)和官員運用群體力量來幫助個體改善他們的生活，乃至整個世界。

► consider

v. 認(rèn)為;把···看做;考慮;體諒;照顧

【真題例句】

1)Rather than concluding that children make parents either happy or miserable, Senior suggests we need to redefine happiness: instead of thinking of it as something that can be measured by moment-to-moment joy, we should consider being happy as a past-tense condition.(2011-text4)

譯文：西尼爾沒有對孩子到底讓父母快樂還是痛苦這一問題下結(jié)論，而是建議我們需要重新定義幸福：幸福不能以時時刻刻的快樂來衡量，相反，我們應(yīng)該把幸福視為一種過去式的狀態(tài)。

► subject

n. 主題;題目;科目;學(xué)科

v. 使遭受;使服從;使隸屬

adj. 受···支配的;服從于···的

【真題例句】

1)At the very least, the court should make itself subjet to the code of conduct that applies to the rest of the federal judiciary. (2012完型)

譯文：至少，法院應(yīng)該遵守適用于聯(lián)邦司法系統(tǒng)其他部門的行為準(zhǔn)則。

► consumer

n. 顧客;消費者

【真題例句】

1)These labels encourage style-conscious consumers to see clothes as disposable -- meant to last only a wash or two, although they don’t advertise that -- and to renew their wardrobe every few weeks.(2013-text 1)

譯文：這些品牌鼓勵有時尚意識的消費者將衣服看作一次性商品，洗一兩水后就不能再穿了(雖然他們并沒有宣傳)，還鼓勵他們每過幾周就更新他們衣櫥。

► essay

n. 論文;雜文;散文

【真題例句】

1)Unfortunately, these critics are virtually forgotten. Neville Cardus, who wrote for the Manchester Guardian from 1917 until shortly before his death in 1975, is now known solely as a writer of essays on the game of cricket.(2012-text 1)

譯文：遺憾的是，這些評論家?guī)缀醵急贿z忘了。內(nèi)維爾·卡達(dá)斯從1917年至1975年去世前不久一直在為《曼徹斯特衛(wèi)報》寫評論，但如今的人們只知道他會寫有關(guān)板球比賽的文章。

► matter

v. 要緊;有關(guān)系;有影響

n. 物質(zhì);材料

【真題例句】

1)Anyone who has toiled through SAT will testify that test-taking skill also matters, whether it’s knowing when to guess or what questions to skip.(2007-text2)

譯文：任何一個為SAT而奮戰(zhàn)過的人都可以證實，考試技巧也很重要，比如要知道什么時候靠猜測，哪些問題要跳過。

► function

n. 功能;作用;職責(zé)

v. 起作用

【真題例句】

1)The second half of the 20th century saw a collection of geniuses, warriors, entrepreneurs and visionaries labour to create a fabulous machine that could function as a typewriter and printing press, studio and theatre, paintbrush and gallery, piano and radio, the mail as well as the mail carrier. (2012新題型)

譯文：20世紀(jì)后半葉見證了一群天才、勇士、企業(yè)家和有遠(yuǎn)見卓識的人發(fā)明出一種絕妙的機器：既有打字機的功能，又有印刷機的功能;既能做演播室，又能做劇院;既能當(dāng)畫筆，也能當(dāng)展覽館;既能是鋼琴，也能是收音機;既可以是郵局，也可以是郵遞員。

► evidence

n. 證據(jù);跡象;證據(jù)

【真題例句】

1)Even though there is plenty of evidence that the quality of the teachers is the most important variable, teachers’ unions have fought against getting rid of bad ones and promoting good ones.(2012--text 4)

譯文：即便有大量證據(jù)表明，教師的素質(zhì)是最重要的變量，但教師工會還是反對開除差的老師，提拔好的老師。

► concern

n. 關(guān)心;關(guān)切;顧慮;憂慮

v. 涉及;關(guān)系到;關(guān)注

【真題例句】

1)Certainly, there are valid concerns about the patchwork regulations that could result if every state sets its own rules.(2012-text 2)

譯文：有人擔(dān)心如果每個州都設(shè)立自己的法規(guī)，那么就會缺乏統(tǒng)一的監(jiān)管。當(dāng)然，這些擔(dān)心都是合理的。

► allow

v. 允許;同意;考慮

常用詞組：allow for 考慮到;顧及

【真題例句】

1)In the last decade or so, advances in technology have allowed mass-market labels such as Zara, H&M, and Uniqlo to react to trends more quickly and anticipate demand more precisely.(2013-text1)

譯文：在過去的十年左右，科技的進(jìn)步使諸如Zara, H&M, 和Uniqlo這些面向大眾的品牌能更迅速地對潮流做出反應(yīng)，并且更加準(zhǔn)確地預(yù)測市場需求。

► productive

adj. 富有成效的;多產(chǎn)的;有益的;具有創(chuàng)造性的

【真題例句】

1)Only when humanity began to get its good in a moreproductive way was there time for other things. (2009-text3)

譯文：只有人類開始用更富有成效的方式來獲取食物時，他們才有時間做其他的事。

► professional

n. 專業(yè)人士

adj. 職業(yè)的;專業(yè)的;專門的

【真題例句】

1)If you then examined the European national youth teams that feed the World Cup and professional ranks, you would find this strange phenomenon to be even more pronounced.(2007--text 1)

譯文：如果那時在關(guān)注一下為世界杯和專業(yè)球隊輸送人才的歐洲國家青年隊，你會發(fā)現(xiàn)這一奇怪現(xiàn)象更加明顯。

► Level

n. 水平;程度;等級;級別

adj. 水平的;平的;平穩(wěn)的

v. 弄平;使對準(zhǔn)

【真題例句】

1)At the statelevel their influence can be even more fearsome. (2012--text 4)

譯文：在州這一級別，他們的影響力甚至有可能更加可怕。

► deal

n. 數(shù)量;程度;協(xié)議;交易

v. 處理;給予;做買賣;經(jīng)營

【真題例句】

1)A deal is a deal -- except, apparently, when Entergy is involved.(2012-text 2)

譯文：說到就要做到，但安特吉公司似乎是一個例外。

2)From the middle-class family perspective, much of this, understandably, looks far less like an opportunity to exercise more financial responsibility, and a good deal more like a frightening acceleration of the wholesale shift of financial risk onto their already overburdened shoulders.(2007-text 3)

譯文：可以理解的是，從中產(chǎn)階級家庭的角度來看，這一切看起來遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)不像是履行更多金融責(zé)任的機會，在很大程度上反而更像是一種可怕的催化劑：把金融風(fēng)險全部都轉(zhuǎn)移到其負(fù)擔(dān)已十分沉重的雙肩上。

►content

v. 使?jié)M足

n. 容量;含量;內(nèi)容;滿足;滿意

adj. 滿足的;滿意的

【真題例句】

1)Even if a job’s starting salary seems too small to satisfy an emerging adult’s need for rapid content, the transition from school to work can be less of a setback if the start-up adult is ready for the move.(2007-新題型)

譯文：雖然一份工作的起薪似乎太少，難以讓一個剛剛成年的人立即滿意，但是對于有充分準(zhǔn)備的準(zhǔn)成年人來說，從學(xué)校到工作的過渡不會遇到太多的挫折。

►comprehensive

adj. 全面的;綜合性的;能充分理解的;廣泛的

n. (英國的公立性)綜合中學(xué)

詞組擴(kuò)展：beyond one’s comprehension 不可理解

【真題例句】

1)The study found that, among prosecuted firms, those with the most comprehensive CSR programmes tended to get more lenient penalties. (2016-text3)

譯文：研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，在被起訴、檢舉的公司中，那些具有最為綜合的社會責(zé)任項目的公司往往會得到更為寬容的處罰。

詞匯的學(xué)習(xí)記憶并非一朝一夕間就能完成，需要大家堅持整理總結(jié)并不斷記憶。以上是幫幫為大家總結(jié)的考研英語必考詞匯，希望大家能夠結(jié)合詞匯下面的真題例句，在語境中對以上詞匯進(jìn)行理解記憶。