2014考研英語(yǔ)：三大步驟解決翻譯難題

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英譯漢涉及到兩種語(yǔ)言的應(yīng)用能力，因此需要對(duì)英漢兩種語(yǔ)言的特點(diǎn)有個(gè)總體認(rèn)識(shí)，特別是英語(yǔ)重形合，漢語(yǔ)重意合的特點(diǎn)。英語(yǔ)重形合，主要是指無論多么復(fù)雜的英語(yǔ)句子，都是通過一些語(yǔ)法手段和邏輯手段連接起來的“象葡萄藤一樣”的結(jié)構(gòu)， 因而英語(yǔ)多長(zhǎng)句。考研翻譯中的所有句子基本上都是結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜的長(zhǎng)難句，理清句子結(jié)構(gòu)層次就顯得至關(guān)重要。

考研英語(yǔ)翻譯可分三步走：

第一步：劃分結(jié)構(gòu)，理清句式；

第二步：轉(zhuǎn)換詞義，組織語(yǔ)言；

第三步：調(diào)整語(yǔ)序，潤(rùn)色文字。

劃分結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，需要對(duì)句子進(jìn)行拆分，而拆分點(diǎn)包括以下幾種：

(1)標(biāo)點(diǎn)：

(2)并列連詞：and, or, but, yet, for等

(3)從屬連詞：

狀語(yǔ)從句連接詞(when, as, since, until, before, after, where, because, since,thought, although, so that, .。。等)

名詞性從句(that, whether/if等從屬連詞，who, whom,whose, what, which, whatever, whichever等連接代詞和when, where, how, why等連接副詞)

定語(yǔ)從句(who, which, that, whom, whose等關(guān)系代詞和when, why, where等關(guān)系副詞)

(4)不定式、分詞、介詞短語(yǔ)

【真題例句1】

This trend began during the SecondWorld War, when several governments came to the conclusion that the specificdemands that a government wants to make of its scientific establishment cannotgenerally be foreseen in detail。

【句子拆分】

拆分點(diǎn)參考：并列連詞、從屬連詞、介詞、不定式、分詞、標(biāo)點(diǎn)

This trend began //during theSecond World War, //when several governments came to the conclusion //that thespecific demands //that a government wants to make of its scientificestablishment cannot generally be foreseen //in detail。

【參考譯文】

這種趨勢(shì)始于第二次世界大戰(zhàn)期間，當(dāng)時(shí)一些國(guó)家的政府得出結(jié)論：政府向科研機(jī)構(gòu)提出的具體要求通常是無法詳盡預(yù)見的。

【真題例句2】

Of course, some regulation isinevitable and undoubtedly necessary, but a free and democratic societyfunctions best when it leaves the resolution of its ethical quandaries to thereasoned judgment of its citizens rather than the regulatory authority of thegovernment。

【句子拆分】

拆分點(diǎn)參考：標(biāo)點(diǎn)，并列連詞，從屬連詞

Of course,// some regulation isinevitable and undoubtedly necessary, //but a free and democratic societyfunctions best //when it leaves the resolution of its ethical quandaries to thereasoned judgment of its citizens rather than the regulatory authority of thegovernment。

【參考譯文】

當(dāng)然，某些規(guī)定是不可避免并且是必需的，但是只有當(dāng)社會(huì)讓民眾通過自己的理智判斷而非政府管制去解決道德難題時(shí)，一個(gè)自由民主的社會(huì)才能最大限地發(fā)揮其功能。