2014考研英語：三大步驟解決翻譯難題

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英譯漢涉及到兩種語言的應用能力，因此需要對英漢兩種語言的特點有個總體認識，特別是英語重形合，漢語重意合的特點。英語重形合，主要是指無論多么復雜的英語句子，都是通過一些語法手段和邏輯手段連接起來的“象葡萄藤一樣”的結構， 因而英語多長句。考研翻譯中的所有句子基本上都是結構復雜的長難句，理清句子結構層次就顯得至關重要。

考研英語翻譯可分三步走：

第一步：劃分結構，理清句式；

第二步：轉換詞義，組織語言；

第三步：調整語序，潤色文字。

劃分結構時，需要對句子進行拆分，而拆分點包括以下幾種：

(1)標點：

(2)并列連詞：and, or, but, yet, for等

(3)從屬連詞：

狀語從句連接詞(when, as, since, until, before, after, where, because, since,thought, although, so that, .。。等)

名詞性從句(that, whether/if等從屬連詞，who, whom,whose, what, which, whatever, whichever等連接代詞和when, where, how, why等連接副詞)

定語從句(who, which, that, whom, whose等關系代詞和when, why, where等關系副詞)

(4)不定式、分詞、介詞短語

【真題例句1】

This trend began during the SecondWorld War, when several governments came to the conclusion that the specificdemands that a government wants to make of its scientific establishment cannotgenerally be foreseen in detail。

【句子拆分】

拆分點參考：并列連詞、從屬連詞、介詞、不定式、分詞、標點

This trend began //during theSecond World War, //when several governments came to the conclusion //that thespecific demands //that a government wants to make of its scientificestablishment cannot generally be foreseen //in detail。

【參考譯文】

這種趨勢始于第二次世界大戰期間，當時一些國家的政府得出結論：政府向科研機構提出的具體要求通常是無法詳盡預見的。

【真題例句2】

Of course, some regulation isinevitable and undoubtedly necessary, but a free and democratic societyfunctions best when it leaves the resolution of its ethical quandaries to thereasoned judgment of its citizens rather than the regulatory authority of thegovernment。

【句子拆分】

拆分點參考：標點，并列連詞，從屬連詞

Of course,// some regulation isinevitable and undoubtedly necessary, //but a free and democratic societyfunctions best //when it leaves the resolution of its ethical quandaries to thereasoned judgment of its citizens rather than the regulatory authority of thegovernment。

【參考譯文】

當然，某些規定是不可避免并且是必需的，但是只有當社會讓民眾通過自己的理智判斷而非政府管制去解決道德難題時，一個自由民主的社會才能最大限地發揮其功能。