2015考研英語基礎階段長難句常見問題（三）

考研英語來源：文都教育 2014-04-23　

本文繼續給大家分享基礎階考研英語段長難句的常見問題，希望大家認真總結：

1、Theories focusing on the role of society suggest that children commit crimes in response to their failure to rise above their socioeconomic status. 老師，麻煩您把"in response... status"這部分的結構給分析下吧，謝謝！
解析：children commit crimes in response to their failure to rise above their socioeconomic status是從句，children是主語，commit賓語，in response to 狀語。

本句是賓語從句，難點在in response to后的翻譯，切分意群：Theories focusing on the role of society/ suggest /that children commit crimes /in response to their failure /to rise above their socioeconomic status.需要大家來意譯：
強調社會角色的理論認為，孩子們犯罪是他們自己沒有成功地超越現有的社會經濟地位的(自發的，本能的)反應行為。

2、Some philosophers argue that rights exist only within a social contract, as part of an exchange of duties and entitlements.

解析：首先我們來切分意群：Some philosophers argue / that rights exist only within a social contract, / as part of an exchange of duties and entitlements.

然后我們在翻譯時要注意：

1)主干結構是主從復合句：Some philosophers argue that...

2)that引導的是賓語從句

3)as part of.。。是賓語從句中的rights的主語補足語。

同時我們學員在翻譯時要注意以下的詞匯：

argue 論證

a social contract 社會契約

as part of 作為(是)……的一部分

entitlements 利益，權利

綜合以上的分析我們可以意譯：

有些哲學家論證說，權利只存在社會契約中，是責任與利益相交換的一部分。

3、It leads the discussion to extremes at the outset: it invites you to think that animals should be treated either with the consideration humans extend to other humans, or with no consideration at all。

解析：首先我們來切分意群：It leads the discussion to extremes at the outset: / it invites you to think /that animals should be treated / either with the consideration humans extend to other humans, or /with no consideration at all。

然后我們翻譯時要注意以下幾個部分：

1) it invites you to think that…后面是賓語從句。

2) animals should be treated either with..., or with.。。要么……要么……，是表示選擇的方式狀語。

3)the consideration后面的humans extend to other humans是定語。

最后翻譯時要注意以下的詞匯：

leads ...to extremes 引向極端

at the outset 從一開始

invites you to think 使人們認為

consideration 關切，體諒

humans extend to other humans 人對待人

綜合以上的總結我們可以意譯：

這種說法從一開始就將討論引向兩個極端，它使人們認為應這樣對待動物：要么像對人類自身一樣關切體諒，要么完全冷漠無情。