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2024年考研英語二試題及答案：Text 1-Text 4試題及答案

2024年考研英語二初試考試已結束，我們整理了2024年全國碩士研究生招生考試英語(二)試題（網絡版），供大家參考。祝順利上岸！

2024年全國碩士研究生招生考試英語(二)試題

Section Il Reading Comprehension

PartA

Directions: Read the following four fexis. Answer the quesfions beloweach text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWERSHEET (40 points)

Text 1

In her new book Cogs and Monsters: What Economics ls, and What ItShould Be, Diane Coyle, an economist at Cambridge University, argucsthat the digitaleconomy requires new ways of thinking about progress"Whatever we mean by the economy growing, by things getting better.the gains will have to be more evenly shared than in the recent past,” shewrites.“ An economy of tech millionaires or billionaires and gig workers.with middle-income jobs undercut by automation, will not be politicallysustainable.

lmproving living standards and increasing prosperity for more people will require greater use of digital technologies to boost productivity invarious sectors. including health care and construction, says Covle. Butpeople can't be expected to embrace the changes if they're not seeing thebenefits - if they're just seeing good jobs being destroved.

In a recent intervicw, Coyle said she fears that tech's inequalityproblem could be a roadblock to deploying Al. “ Were talking aboutdisruption," she says. " These are transformative technologies that changcthe ways we spend our time every day, that change business models thatsucceed.” To make such “tremendous changes," she adds, you need socialbuy-in.

Instead, says Coyle, resentment is simmering among many as thebenefits are perceived to go to elites in a handful of prosperous cities
According to the Brookings Institution, a short list of eight Americancities that included San Francisco, San Jose, Boston, and Seattle hadroughly 38% of all tech jobs by 2019.New AI technologies are particularlconcentrated:Brookings's Mark Muro and Sifan Liu estimate that just 15cities account for two-thirds of the AI assets and capabilities in the UnitedStates.

The dominance of a few cities in the invention and commercializationof Al means that geographical disparities in wealth will continue to soarNot only will this foster political and social unrest, but it could, as Coylesuggests, hold back the sorts of AI technologies needed for regional economies to grow.

Part of the solution could lie in somehow loosening the strangleholdthat BigTech has on defining the Al agenda. That will likely take increasedfederal funding for research independent of the tech giants.

A morc immediate response is to broaden our digital imaginations toconceive of AI technologies that don't simply replace jobs but expandopportunities in the sectors that different parts of the country care mostabout, like health care,education,and manufacturing

21. Coyle argues in her new book that economic growth should

[A] give nse to innovations

[B] diversify career choices

[C benefit people equally

[D] be promoted forcefully

22.According to Paragraph 2, digital technologies should be usedto

[A] bring about instant prospenty

[B] reduce people's workload

[C] raise overall work efficiency

[D] enhance cross-sector

23.What does Coyle fear about transformative technologies?

[A] They may affect work-life balance

[B] They may be impractical to deploy

[C] They may incur huge expenditure

[D] They may be unwelcome to the public

24. Several American cities are mentioned to show

[A] the uneven distribution of Al technologies in the US

[B] the disappointing prospect of tech jobs in the US

[C] the fast progress of US

[D] the increasing significance of US AI assets

25.With regard to Coyle's concern, the author suggests

[A] raising funds to start new Al projects

[B] encouraging collaboration in AI research

[C] guarding against the side effects of Al

[D] redefining the role of AI technologies

Text 2

The UK is facing a future construction crisis because of' a failure toplant trees to produce wood.Confor has warned.The forestry and woodtrade body has called for urgent action to reduce the country's reliance ontimber imports and provide a stable supply of wood for future gener-ationsCurrently only 20 per cent of the UK's wood requirement is home-grownwhile it remains the second-largest net importer of timber in the worldComing at a time of fresh incentives from the Uk government for landowners to grow more trees, the trade body says these don't go farenough and fail to promote the benefits of planting them to boost timbersupplies. "Not only are we facing a carbon crisis now, but we will also befacing a future construction crisis because of a failure to plant trees toproduce wood" said Stuart Goodall, chief executive of confor. For decadeswe have not taken responsibility for investing in our domestic wood supplyleaving us exposed to fluctuating prices and fighting for future supplics ofwood as global demand rises and own supplies fall."

The UK has ideal conditions for growing wood to build low-carbonhomes and is a global leader in certifying that its forests are sustainablymanaged. Confor says.While around three quarters of Scottish homes arebuilt from Scottish timber, the use of home-grown wood in England is onlyaround 25 percent.The causes of the UK's current position are complex andrange from outdated perceptions of productive forestry to the decimation oftrees by gray squirrels. It also encom passes significant hesitation on behalfof farmers and other landowners to invest in longer too planting projectsWhlie productive tree planting can deliver roal financial benefits torural economies and contribute to the Uk's net-zero strategy, the focus ofgovernment support continues to be on food production and rewilding andplanting of native woodland solely for biodiversity.Goodall adeed: "Whilefood production and biodiversity health are clearly of critical importance.we need our land to also provide secure supplies of wood for construction,manufacturing an contribute to net zero."While the UK government hasstated its ambition for more three planting, there has been little action onthe ground. Confor is now calling for much greater impetus behind thoseaspirations to ensure we have enough wood to meet increasing demand.

26. It can learned from paragraph l that Uk needs to

A.in crcase its domestic wood supply

Breduce its demand for timber

C. lower its wood production costs

D. lift its control on timber imports

27. According to confor, the Uk goverment's fresh incentives

A can hardly address a construction crisis

B.are believed to come at a wrong time

C. seem to be misleading for landowners

D.will be too costly to put into practice

28. The UK's exposure to fluctuating wood prices is a result of

A. the government's inaction on timber imports

B. inadequate investment in growing wood

C. the competition among timber traders at home

D. Wood producers' motive to maximise profits

29.Which of the following causes the shortage of wood supply in the UK?

A.Excessive timber consumption in construction

B.Unfavourable conditions for growing wood

C.outdated technologies of the wood industry

D. Farmers' unwillingness to plant trees.

30.What does Good all think the Uk government should do?

A. Subsidise the building of low-carbon homes

B.Pay greater attention to boosting rural economies

C. Provide more support for productive three planting

D. Give priority to pursuing its net-zero strategy

Text 3

One of' the biggest challenges in keeping unsafe aging drivers off the Its aroad is convincing them that it's time to turn over the keys.complete life-changer” when someone stops - or is forced to stop - driving.said former risk managet Anne M. Menke.

“The American Medical Association advises physicians that insituations where clear evidence of substantial driving impairment implies astrong threat to patient and public safety, and where the physician's adyiceto discontinue driving privileges is ignored, it is desirable and ethical tonotify the Department of Motor Vehicles,” Menke wrote." Some statesrequire physicians to report, others allow but do not mandate reports, whilea few consider a report a breach of confidentiality. There could be liabilityand penalties if a physician does not act in accordance with state laws onreporting and confidentiality, she counseled.

Part of the problem in keeping older drivers safe is that the difficultiesare addressed piecemeal by different professions with different focuses.including gerontologists, highway administration officials, automotiveengineers and others said gerontologist Elizabeth Dugan. “ There's not aNational Institute of Older Driver Studics. ” she said. " We need bettcrevidence on what makes drivers unsafe' and what can help, said Dugan.

One thing that does seem to work is requiring drivers to report inperson for license renewal. Mandatory in-person renewal was associatedwith a 3l percent reduction in fatal crashes involving drivers 85 or olderaccording to one study.Passing vision tests also produced a similar declinein fatal crashes for those drivers, although there appeared to be no benefitfrom combining the two.

Many older drivers don't see eye doctors or can't afford to. Primarcare providers have their hands full and may not be able to follow throughwith patients who have trouble driving because they can't turn their headsor remember where they are going - or have gotten shorter and haven'tchanged their seat settings sufficiently to reach car pedals easily.

As long as there are other cars on the roads, self-driving cars won'tsolve the problems of crashes, said Dugan. Avoiding dangers posed by allthose human drivers would require too many algorithms, she said. But weneed to do more to improve safety, said Dugan.“ If we're going to have100-year lives, wwe need cars that a 90-vear-old can drive comfortably."

3According to paragraph l, keeping unsafe aging drivers off theroad

[A] is a new safety measure

[B] has become a disputed issue

[C] can be a toughs task to complete

[D] will be beneficial to their health

32. The American Medial Association's advice

[A] has won support form driver

[B] is generally considered unrealistic

[C] is widely dismissed as unnecessary

[D] has met with different responses

33. According to Dugan, efforts to keep older drivers safe

[A] have brought about big changes

[B] need to be well coordinated

[C] have gained public recognition

[D] call for relevant legal support

34.Some older drivers have trouble driving because they tend to

[A] stick with bad driving habits

[B] have a weakened memory

[C] suffer from chronic pains

[D] neglect car maintenance

35 Dugan thinks that the solution to the problems of crashes may lie

[A] upgrading self-driving vehicles

[B] developing senior-friendly cars

[C] renovating transport facilitics

[D] adjusting the age limit for drivers

Text 4

If you look at the apps on your phone, chances are you have at leastone related to your health - and probably several. Whether it is a mentalhealth app, a fitness tracker, a connected health device or something else,many of us are taking advantage of this technology to keep better track ofour health in some shape or form. Recent research from the Organizationfor the Review of Care and Health Applications found that 350,000 healthapps were available on the market, 90.000 of which launched in 2020alone.

While these apps have a great deal to offer, it is not always clear howthe personal information we input is collected, safeguarded and shareonline. Existing health privacy law, such as the Health InsurancePortability and Accountability Act, is primarily focused on the wayhospitals, doctors’ offices, clinics and insurance companies store healthrecords online. The health information theses apps and health data trackingwearables are collecting typically does not receive the same legal protections.

Without additional protections in place, companies may share (andpotentially monetize) personal health information in a way consumers maynot have authorized or anticipated. In 2021. Flo Health faced a FederaTrade Commission (FTC) investigation. The FTC alleged in a complaintthat “despite express privacy claims, the company took control of userssensitive fertility data and shared it with third parties.”’ Flo Health and FTCsettled the matter with a consent Drdor requiring the company to get appusers’express affirmative consent before sharing their health informationas well as to instruct the third parties to delete the data they and obtained.Section 5 of the FTC Act empowers the FTC to initiate enforcementaction against unfair or deceptive acts meaning the FTC can only act aftelthe fact if a company's privacy practices are misleading or causeunjustified consumer harm. While the FTC is doing what it can to ensureapps are keeping their promises to consumers around the handling of theirsensitive heal thinformations, the rate at which these health apps are hittingthe market demonstrates just now immense of a challenge this is.

As to the the prospects for federal legislation, commentators suggestthat comprehensive federal privacy legislation seems unlikely in the shortterm. States have begun implementing their own solutions to share upprotections for consumer-generated health data. California has been at theforefront of state privacy efforts with the California Consumer privacy Act of 2018. Virginia, Colorado and Utah have also recently passed stateconsumer data privacy legislation

36.The research findings are cited in paragraph l to show

[A] the prevalence of health apps

[B] the public concern over health

[C] popularity of smartphone

[D] the advancement of technology

37.What does the author imply about existing health privacy law?

[A] Its coverage needs to be extended

[B] Its enforcement needs strengthening

[C] It has discouraged medical misconduct

[D] It has disappointed insurance companies

38. Before sharing its users’ health information,Flo Health is required to

[A] Seek the approval of the FTC

[B] find qualified third parties

[C] remove irrelevant personal data

[D] Obtain their explicit permission

39. What challenge is the FTC currently faced with?

[A] The complexity of health information

[B] The rapid increase in new health apps

[C] The subtle deceptiveness if health apps

[D] The difficulty in assessing consumer harm

40. It can be learned from the last paragraph that health date protection

[A] has bcen cmbraced by hcalth app developers

[B] has been a focus of federal policy-making

[C] has encountered opposition in California

[D] has gained legislative support in some states

閱讀Text1 答案CCDAD

　　閱讀Text2 答案AABDC

　　閱讀Text3 答案CDBBB

　　閱讀Text 4答案AADBD

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