2015考研英語：同中有異的幾大“限制”

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在考研英語中，經(jīng)常會存在這樣一種現(xiàn)象，那就是不同的英語詞匯翻譯成漢語卻是同一個意思，有時可能會讓考生們十分費(fèi)解。完形填空、長難句翻譯以及大小作文都可能會涉及到。這些詞匯真的是一個意思的嗎，以“限制”一詞來舉例，事實(shí)上，表面上同一種含義的詞匯在用法的細(xì)致劃分上存在著較大的差異。下面老師就帶考生們一起來看一下。

一、“限制”的幾種表達(dá)方法

1.confine

原意是“禁錮”，引申出不可逾越出限定的范圍，常用結(jié)構(gòu)是confine to

【例句】

After his wife’s death,he confined himself to his room,listening to sad music all day long.

他的妻子死后，他自己禁錮在房間里，整天聽著悲傷的音樂。

2.restrict

指限制行為、活動、事物的范圍，其名詞是restriction，后接介詞on。

【例句】By 1990,many municipalities had begun to restrict the use of automobiles in order to ensure pedestrian safely.
到了1990年，為了確保行人安全許多市政府當(dāng)局已經(jīng)開始限制汽車的使用。

3.limite多指時間、空間、程度、數(shù)量等方面能達(dá)到的最大限度，名詞limit后接on。

【例句】Some bankers want legislation to be passed to limit the growth of foreign banks in the state of California.
一些銀行家希望能通過立法來限制外資銀行在加利福尼亞發(fā)展。

4.constrain

取“限制”詞意的時候意為把…限制在狹小的范圍內(nèi)，后接介詞to。此外還有強(qiáng)逼，抑制、壓制的意思。

【例句】Two masses constrained to move in a horizontal plane collide .

在兩個限定在一個水平面上運(yùn)動的物體發(fā)生碰撞。

二、真題大放送

【2005年考研英語一完型填空】

The human nose is an underrated tool. Humans are often thought to be insensitive smellers compared with animals,but this is largely because,unlike animals, we stand upright. This means that our noses are 3 to perceiving those smells which float through the air, missing the majority of smells which stick to surfaces.

3. [A] limited [B] committed [C] dedicated [D] confined 

【答案】[A] 語義銜接、詞匯辨析題

【解析】This means that our noses are to perceiving those smells which float through the air.“這意味著我們的鼻子……聞到漂浮在空氣中的氣味。”選項(xiàng)A. be limited to 被限制在……，B. be committed to 被交給……,答應(yīng)承擔(dān)……義務(wù)，C. be dedicated to 奉獻(xiàn)，獻(xiàn)給，D. be confined to 限制在，局限于。根據(jù)句意可以排除B、C項(xiàng)。be confined to有“把……局限/限制于”的含義，但是它一般用于具體范圍的“局限、限制”，與句子的語境不符。因此，正確答案為A。

【2009年考研英語二完型填空】

Oil-rich nations are enjoying historic gains and opportunities, while major importers—including china and India, home to a third of the world's population— 27 rising economic and social costs. Managing this new order is fast becoming a central  problem  of global politics. Countries that need oil are clawing at each other to lock up scarce supplies, and are willing to deal with any government, no matter how unpleasant, to do it .

27. A. confine B. conflict C. conform D. confront

【答案】D.confront