2015考研英語：高頻出現的經濟類真題

考研英語來源：文都教育 2014-09-12　

暑期過后，相信考生們的通過第一輪真題的完成已經對考研閱讀理解的題材有所了解，題材涉及社會科學、自然科學、人文科目，其中社會科學所占比重較大，其常涉及的領域有經濟學、心理學、教育學等，今天老師就帶各位考生一起來看一下考研英語真題中的經濟類型題材真題，為考生向高分沖鋒助力！

一、詞匯積累

由于考研英語命題的時效性強，命題的題材高頻率穩定，因此考生想要對經濟類題材比其他考生掌握的更勝一籌，就要多關注諸如《經濟學人》、《新聞周刊》、《時代》、《華盛頓郵報》等考研英語命題同源期刊上的文章，對詞匯和長難句進行積累。首先了解經濟類術語，考生可以試著將每年真題中出現的經濟類詞匯加以總結，方便記憶、熟悉含義和用法。
在高頻經濟類詞匯中，考生要注意經濟類文章中的特定含義的詞匯，如captive資本、interest利率、swing經濟趨勢。此外還要掌握相關詞組economic crisis 經濟危機、financial crisis 金融危機、economic depression 經濟蕭條、economic revival 經濟復蘇、private enterprise 私營企業、enterprise in the red 虧損企業、commodity prices 商品價格、price index 價格指數、supplier 供貨商、exchange rate 匯率。

二、解題技巧

要做好考研英語的經濟類文章，在詞匯積累以及分析句子結構的基礎上，還要仔細研究真題。即要抓住文章主旨要義，弄清作者到底在寫什么。

2007年Text3一文中，分別考察了細節題、推斷題和主旨題。可以說經濟類的文章考察的題目類型較多，有些“偷換概念”的地方，如the safety net偷換了原文的信息the parachute，原文中說的是“保護傘”消失了，而不是“安全網”消失了。命題人同樣也會設計“正反混淆”的題目，如原文的信息是家庭不得不為利潤和股票市場的波動擔憂，而更為殘酷的現實是他們甚至擔憂退休金無法養活自己。只是說退休人員的安全感降低了，并不像題干中A.B選項說的“a higher sense of security”、“less secured payments”，同樣，“無中生有”即把原文中未曾提到的內容，作為題干供考生選擇，也是命題的一種方式。還需考生擦亮眼睛，通過不斷的做題實踐中積累寶貴的經驗。

三、真題再現

2007年Text3屬于經濟類文章，主要介紹了處于懸崖邊緣的美國中產階級所面臨的風險增加的現狀，首先，作者指出了美國勞動力成分的變化導致中產階級風險的增加。之后作者評論道，美國總統關于健康儲蓄的政策加劇了經濟的風險。最后作者指出經濟的不良后果已經顯現，并且可能會對政治產生影響。下面我們來一起看一下真題原文：

During the past generation, the American middle-class family that once could count on hard work and fair play to keep itself financially secure has been transformed by economic risk and new realities. Now a pink slip, a bad diagnosis, or a disappearing spouse can reduce a family from solidly middle class to newly poor in a few months.

In just one generation, millions of mothers have gone to work, transforming basic family economics. Scholars, policymakers, and critics of all stripes have debated the social implications of these changes, but few have looked at the side effect: family risk has risen as well. Today's families have budgeted to the limits of their new two-paycheck status. As a result, they have lost the parachute they once had in times of financial setback -- a back-up earner (usually Mom) who could go into the workforce if the primary earner got laid off or fell sick. This "added-worker effect" could support the safety net offered by unemployment insurance or disability insurance to help families weather bad times. But today, a disruption to family fortunes can no longer be made up with extra income from an otherwise-stay-at-home partner.

During the same period, families have been asked to absorb much more risk in their retirement income. Steelworkers, airline employees, and now those in the auto industry are joining millions of families who must worry about interest-rates, stock market fluctuation, and the harsh reality that they may outlive their retirement money. For much of the past year, President Bush campaigned to move Social Security to a savings-account model, with retirees trading much or all of their guaranteed payments for payments depending on investment returns. For younger families, the picture is not any better. Both the absolute cost of healthcare and the share of it borne by families have risen -- and newly fashionable health-savings plans are spreading from legislative halls to Wal-Mart workers, with much higher deductibles and a large new dose of investment risk for families' future healthcare. Even demographics are working against the middle class family, as the odds of having a weak elderly parent -- and all the attendant need for physical and financial assistance -- have jumped eightfold in just one generation.

From the middle-class family perspective, much of this, understandably, looks far less like an opportunity to exercise more financial responsibility, and a good deal more like a frightening acceleration of the wholesale shift of financial risk onto their already overburdened shoulders. The financial fallout has begun, and the political fallout may not be far behind.

（注：劃線部分為長難句）