2016考研英語：并列句中的省略現象

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英語表達中有一個不成文的原則，叫作避免重復原則。比方說在并列句中，并列連詞左右兩邊的部分，在內容上有重復的，一般后面的部分要省略掉重復的內容。但是兩邊部分的內容結構一定是對稱的和平衡的。具體如下：

1.如果并列句中的左右兩個分句主語雖然不同，但是兩個分句有相同的be動詞，那么可以省略連詞和后一個分局的be動詞

【例句】

Failing hips can be replaced, clinical depression controlled, cataracts removed in a 30-minute surgical procedure.
→Failing hips can be replaced,（省略and）clinical depression（省略can be）controlled,（省略and）cataracts（省略can be）removed in a 30-minute surgical procedure.

髖骨壞了可以更換，臨床的憂郁癥可以得到控制，白內障僅用30分鐘手術就能治好。

2.如果并列句中左右兩個分句出現重復的部分，那么后一個分句可以省略重復的部分，但是沒重復的部分要保留

【例句】

Do you remember all those years when scientists argued that smoking would kill us but the doubters insisted that we did not know for sure?

→Do you remember all those years when scientists argued that smoking would kill us but the doubters insisted that we did not know（省略that smoking would kill us）for sure?

你還記得那些年科學家說吸煙會致命，但懷疑者堅持說我們并不確定吸煙是否真的會致命嗎？

3.在并列句中后邊的分句可以省略與前邊分句中相同的成分

【例句】

Tom picked up a coin in the road and handed it to a policeman.

→Tom picked up a coin in the road and（省略Tom）handed it to a policeman.

湯姆在馬路上拾起一枚硬幣并把它交給了警察。

補充知識點：

并列連詞and, but, as well as, or, or else, both…and…, neither…nor, either…or, not only…but (also), rather than, as…as等以及從屬連詞than可連接兩個對等的詞和對等的結構。

（1）所連接的謂語形式必須一致

【例句】He went shopping, bought some gifts and visited his old friend.

（2）所連接的詞或短語形式必須一致

【例句】We often go fishing as well as swimming.

（3）連接的非謂語動詞的形式必須一致

【例句】People find eating vegetables more healthy than fasting.

（4）所連接的句子結構必須一致

【例句】My girlfriend is pleased with what I have said and all that I have done.