2016考研英語之連接詞的用法

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導語：連接詞是考研英語中的一個重要組成部分，它們連接英語的句子和段落，使文章流暢自然，使英語句子與句子之間，段落與段落之間的關系一目了然。重視連接詞的用法，可以幫助學生們在閱讀中更容易理解文章結構，提高做題效率，還可以將連接詞用于寫作文章中，使寫出來的文章更加連貫，符合邏輯，表達更地道。因此我們很有必要詳細講解一下英語中連接詞的用法。

英語中連接詞分為兩大類：連詞性連接詞(即連詞)和副詞性連接詞。

連詞--用來連接詞與詞、短語與短語或句子與句子。連詞不能單獨作句子成分，也沒有詞形變化。連詞分為并列連詞和從屬連詞兩種。

(一)并列連詞

并列連詞用來連接句子中擔任相同成分的詞、短語或分句。常見的有七個單詞和四個短語：and, but, or, for(因為), nor, so, yet; both...and..., not only...but also..., either...or..., neither...nor...

1.and用來連接詞、短語或分句，表示并列或對稱關系。例如：

The man put on his coat and went out of the office. 那個人穿上外衣、戴上帽子，走出了辦公室。

A car and a dictionary are both useful. 汽車和字典都有用處。

I went home and John stayed there. 我回家了，而約翰呆在那里。

2.but連接兩個含義不同甚至相反的詞、短語或分句，表示轉折。例如：

Not everybody is honest and hardworking, but Tom is. 并非每個人都誠實肯干，但湯姆是的。

We tried to persuade her to do it but failed. 我們盡力說服她去做，但沒有成功。

3.or表示兩者居其一，表示選擇。例如：

Which VCD player is better, this one or that one? 哪個VCD更好，這個還是那個?

Are you hungry or not? 你餓了沒有?

4.for(因為)只能放在表示結果的分句后面，引導表示原因的分句。例如：

I must be going, for it's getting dark. 我必須走了，因為天黑了。

He didn't go there, for he was ill. 他沒到那兒去，因為他病了。

5.Both...and...只能用來連接兩個并列的詞或短語，不能連接句子。例句：

His plan is both easy and practical. 他的計劃既容易又實用。

Zhang Yimou is a famous director both at home and abroad. 張藝謀是一位在國內外都著名的導演。

Both this plane and its engines are made in China. 飛機和它的發動機都是中國制造的。

6.Not only...but also...不但能連接詞和短語，而且還能連接分句。Also 有時省略。例如：

He is not only an actor but also a writer. 他不僅是演員，而且是作家。

He not only read it but also remembered what he had read. 他不但讀過，而且記住了所讀過的東西。

When we talk about the universe, we mean not only the earth, the sun, and the moon, but (also) all the other things too far away for us to see. 當我們談到宇宙時，我們不但指地球、太陽和月亮，而且還指一切遠得看不見的其他東西。

注意：not only 位于句首時，主語和謂語需要倒裝。

Not only did he say it but (also) he did it. 他不但說了，而且做了。

Not only do the nurses want a pay rise, but also they want reduced hours. 護士們不但要求加工資，而且還要求縮短工時。

7.Either...or...表示選擇，"或者…或者…"、"不是….就是…"的意思。注意either...or...(整個結構作主語時)句子中的動詞通常要和鄰近的主語相一致。例如：

Either you are wrong, or I am. 不是你錯了，就是我錯了。

Either you or he is going to get the job. 不是你就是他將獲得這份工作。

Can I borrow either your car or your bike? 我可以借用你的汽車或者你的自行車嗎?

If you're late, you should make an apology to the host either immediately or later. 如果你遲到了，你應該立即或事后向主人道歉。

8.Neither...nor...表示"既不….又不…"的意思。注意neither...nor...整個結構作主語時，句子中的謂語動詞通常要和鄰近的主語一致：

Neither the students nor I am ready yet. 學生們和我都還沒有準備好。

He worked neither for fame nor for money. 他干工作既不圖名又不圖利。

The girl could neither speak nor write the language. 這個女孩既不會說也不會寫那種語言。

9.So(因此)，引導表示結果的分句，原因分句在前。(與for相反)

It's getting dark, so I must be going. 天黑了，因此我得走了。

I had a headache, so I went to bed early last night. 我頭痛，于是昨晚很早就睡了。

10.Yet (然而)，有時和and 一起用，表示吃驚、表示轉折，相當于but at the same time, however, nevertheless。例如：

She is vain and foolish, and yet people like her. 她既虛榮又愚蠢，然而人們卻喜歡她。 He worked hard, yet he failed. 他很努力，然而卻失敗了。

It's strange, yet it's true. 這事有點怪，卻是真的。

He's a wealthy, yet honest, businessman. 他是個富有而又誠實的商人。

It is only a little shop and yet it always has such lovely decorations. 那只是個小店，卻總是有漂亮的裝飾。

You can draw a good horse in five minutes, yet you kept me waiting for a year. 你能在五分鐘內畫出一匹好看的馬，然而你讓我等了一年。

(二)從屬連詞從屬連詞是用來引導從句的。

1.連詞that, if, whether，連接代詞what, which, who, whom, whose以及連接副詞how, when, why, where可用來引導名詞從句，充當主語、表語、賓語等。非正式文體中的賓語從句常省略that。例如

I think (that) he'll be back in an hour. 我認為他一小時后就會回來。

Who they are doesn't matter much. 他們是誰沒什么大關系。

He asked me if/whether I knew John. 他問我是否認識約翰。

此外，that, which, who, whom, whose, when, why, where等還可以引導定語從句。

2.連詞when, while, before, after, till/until, since, as soon as等引導時間狀語從句。例：

She said hello to me when she saw me. 她看到我的時候，和我打了招呼。

I'll wait here until you come back. 我將在這里等你回來。

3.連詞if, unless引導條件狀語從句;because, as, since引導原因狀語從句。例如：

I'll help her if she asks me to. 如果她要求我，我就幫助她。

I won't help her unless she asks me to. 除非她要求我，否則我不會幫她。

He didn't come because he was ill. 因為他病了，所以沒來。

As he hasn't appeared yet, we shall start without him. 既然他還沒有出現，我們就先開始吧。

Since everybody is here, let's begin. 既然大家都到了，咱們就開始吧。

4.連詞in order than, so that引導目的狀語從句;so…that…引導結果狀語從句。例如：

I locked the door in order that we might continue our discussions undisturbed. (=I locked the door in order to continue our discussions undisturbed.) 我把門鎖上了，以便我們可以繼續討論而不受打擾。

The car ran so fast that I couldn't see who was in it. 汽車跑得那么快，我沒看清誰坐在里面。

5.連詞than, as…as…, not as/so…as…用來引導比較狀語從句。例如：

He is better educated than his brother. 他比他兄弟受的教育好。

He is as well educated as his brother. 他和他兄弟受的教育一樣好。

He is not as/so well educated as his brother. 他沒有他兄弟受的教育好。

6.連詞although, though 引導讓步狀語從句;where, wherever 引導地點狀語從句。例如：

I'll go wherever you go. 不管你去哪兒，我就去那兒。

Stay where you are! 原地別動!

Though/Although she is rich, she's not happy. 盡管她富有，但她并不幸福。

一般來說，連詞性質的連接詞連接兩個分句或引導一個從句，兩個分句或主從復合句之間用逗號連接。

(三)副詞性連接詞

副詞性質的連接詞不能象連詞一樣分句或主從復合句之間用逗號連接。也就是說它們不能連接兩個分句或引導從句。它們引導的句子與前面的句子之間要用分號或句號，而它們與引導的句子之間往往用逗號。副詞性質的連接詞在寫作中常常使用，主要分為以下幾類：

1.表示順序的，如first, in the first place, then, finally, in the end等等。尤其要注意then. 如：

誤：He graduated from college in 2003, then he found a job.

正：He graduated from college in 2003, and then he found a job.或者He graduated from college in 2003. Then he found a job.

2.表示遞進關系的，如in addition, what is more, furthermore, moreover等。注意in addition 與in addition to 的區別：in addition 是副詞性質;而in addition to 是介詞性質，后面必須接賓語。

3.表示轉折關系的，如 however, nevertheless, nonetheless, on the contrary, in contrast, 等等。要注意不要把however 當成連詞。如：

誤：In 2003, the United States launched the war on Iraq on account of Iraq possessing weapons of mass destruction (WMD), however, no WMD has been found in Iraq so far.

正：In 2003, the United States launched the war on Iraq on account of Iraq possessing weapons of mass destruction (WMD). However, no WMD has been found in Iraq so far.