2016考研英語：剖析完型填空

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縱觀很多2016考研英語復(fù)習(xí)類的文章，大都把關(guān)注點(diǎn)放在閱讀和作文上，而對(duì)于完型填空方面的知識(shí)卻很少，但真正到分?jǐn)?shù)線出來的時(shí)候你就該后悔復(fù)習(xí)得不全面了。今天我們就以2014年完型填空的真題為例，以不同的考點(diǎn)做分類來對(duì)完型填空做一梳理。

【真題例舉】

As many people hit middle age, they often start to notice that their memory and mental clarity are not what they used to be. We suddenly can't remember 1 we put the keys just a moment ago, or an old acquaintance's name, or the name of an old band we used to love. As the brain 2 , we refer to these occurrences as "senior moments." 3 seemingly innocent, this loss of mental focus can potentially have a(an) 4 impact on our professional, social, and personal 5 .

Neuroscientists, experts who study the nervous system, are increasingly showing that there's actually a lot that can be done. It 6 out that the brain needs exercise in much the same way our muscles do, and the right mental 7 can significantly improve our basic cognitive 8 . Thinking is essentially a 9 of making connections in the brain. To a certain extent, our ability to 10 in making the connections that drive intelligence is inherited. 11 , because these connections are made through effort and practice, scientists believe that intelligence can expand and fluctuate 12 mental effort.

Now, a new Web-based company has taken it a step 13 and developed the first "brain training program" designed to actually help people improve and regain their mental 14 .

The Web-based program 15 you to systematically improve your memory and attention skills. The program keeps 16 of your progress and provides detailed feedback 17 your performance and improvement. Most importantly, it 18 modifies and enhances the games you play to 19 on the strengths you are developing--much like a(n) 20 exercise routine requires you to increase resistance and vary your muscle use.

1.[A]where   [B]when   [C]that   [D]why

2.[A]improves   [B]fades   [C]recovers   [D]collapses

3.[A]If   [B]Unless   [C]Once   [D]While

4.[A]uneven   [B]limited   [C]damaging   [D]obscure

5.[A]wellbeing   [B]environment   [C]relationship   [D]outlook

6.[A]turns   [B]finds   [C]points   [D]figures

7.[A]roundabouts   [B]responses   [C]workouts   [D]associations

8.[A]genre   [B]functions   [C]circumstances   [D]criterion

9.[A]channel   [B]condition   [C]sequence   [D]process

10.[A]persist   [B]believe   [C]excel   [D]feature

11.[A]Therefore   [B]Moreover   [C]Otherwise   [D]However

12.[A]according to   [B]regardless of   [C]apart from   [D]instead of

13.[A]back   [B]further   [C]aside   [D]around

14.[A]sharpness   [B]stability   [C]framework   [D]flexibility

15.[A]forces   [B]reminds   [C]hurries   [D]allows

16.[A]hold   [B]track   [C]order   [D]pace

17.[A] to   [B]with   [C]for   [D]on

18.[A]irregularly   [B]habitually   [C]constantly   [D]unusually

19.[A]carry   [B]put   [C]build   [D]take

20.[A]risky   [B]effective   [C]idle   [D]familiar

考查邏輯關(guān)系

第1題，答案A

【解析】空白處的詞語作“We suddenly can't remember”的賓語，同時(shí)在賓語從句“we put the keys just a moment ago”中作狀語。需要注意的是：put sth.后常跟介詞短語、形容詞或副詞作狀語，不接狀語時(shí)其意義不完整。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，A項(xiàng)where指代地點(diǎn)，放在空白處與文意相符，所以是正確選項(xiàng)。B項(xiàng)when指代時(shí)間，與從句中的a moment ago沖突，可以排除。C項(xiàng)that雖然可以引導(dǎo)賓語從句，但無實(shí)意，在從句中不起作用，放在空白處從句的意義不完整，可以排除。D項(xiàng)why引導(dǎo)原因，雖然也可用于引導(dǎo)賓語從句，但與that一樣，用在空白處從句的意義不完整，所以可以排除。

考查詞義辨析

第2題，答案B

【解析】A項(xiàng)improves表示“改善，增進(jìn)，提高”；B項(xiàng)fades表示“褪色，衰老”；C項(xiàng)recovers表示“恢復(fù)，重新獲得”；D項(xiàng)collapses表示“崩塌，暈倒，癱倒”。由上文可知，記憶力和思維能力退化不可能是大腦功能改善或者恢復(fù)的結(jié)果，所以A項(xiàng)和C項(xiàng)可以排除。而D項(xiàng)collapses表示大腦功能徹底崩潰，描述過于嚴(yán)重，與文意不符，所以可以排除。只有B項(xiàng)fades表示衰老，與文章中提到的“步入中年”這一情況相吻合，指的是大腦功能的退化導(dǎo)致的記憶力和思維能力減弱。因此，正確答案是B項(xiàng)。

考查上下文語義連貫

第7題，答案C

【解析】根據(jù)上文，我們已知，大腦需要像肌肉一樣得到足夠的鍛煉，空白出現(xiàn)的分句由and引導(dǎo)，表明這句話與前面的分句是并列關(guān)系，應(yīng)該是對(duì)上文的進(jìn)一步說明，主題應(yīng)該還是圍繞“鍛煉（exercises）”。A項(xiàng)responses表示“反應(yīng)，響應(yīng)”；B項(xiàng)roundabouts表示“迂回路線”；C項(xiàng)workouts表示“鍛煉，練習(xí)，實(shí)驗(yàn)”；D項(xiàng)associations表示“關(guān)聯(lián)，社團(tuán)”。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中最符合文章意思的是C項(xiàng)，意思是“恰當(dāng)?shù)木�神�?xùn)練可以在很大程度上提高我們基本的認(rèn)識(shí)功能”。

考查短語

第12題，答案B

【解析】由第二自然段的第一句話可知，本自然段強(qiáng)調(diào)的是大腦訓(xùn)練對(duì)提高基本認(rèn)知功能的重要性，即雖然我們?cè)诖竽X中建立聯(lián)系的能力天生有差異，但實(shí)際上通過大腦訓(xùn)練我們可以改變智力的狀態(tài)，這是因?yàn)?ldquo;這些聯(lián)系是通過努力和練習(xí)建立的（because these connections are made through effort and practice）”。由此不難看出，科學(xué)家們相信智力可以提高或者變化實(shí)際上是基于努力的程度（mental effort），所以正確答案應(yīng)該選B項(xiàng)according to“根據(jù)”。A項(xiàng)instead of表示“而不是”；C項(xiàng)apart from表示“除了……之外”；D項(xiàng)regardless of表示“不顧”。

考查詞語搭配

第17題，答案D

【解析】本題考查名詞與介詞的搭配。根據(jù)文意，大腦訓(xùn)練程序提供關(guān)于參與者的表現(xiàn)和進(jìn)步的詳細(xì)反饋。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中常與feedback搭配的是D項(xiàng)on，因此正確答案是D項(xiàng)。

以上這幾項(xiàng)就是完形填空常見的考點(diǎn)，希望大家能認(rèn)真總結(jié)并多加練習(xí)，讓完型填空也能在考研戰(zhàn)場(chǎng)上為自己爭(zhēng)取到一席之地。