2016考研英語(yǔ)：長(zhǎng)難句解析系列—2010年閱讀Text3

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本文選自2007年2月Harvard Business Review上一篇名為The Accidental Influentials的文章，主要討論了影響社會(huì)流行潮的主要因素：人們普遍認(rèn)為社會(huì)流行潮的出現(xiàn)主要是由少數(shù)有影響力的名人推動(dòng)的，但新研究表明其關(guān)鍵因素卻是大部分的直接受影響者能夠積極有效地參與傳播過(guò)程。全文中在長(zhǎng)難句方面，難度居中。作為2010年考研英語(yǔ)試卷的第三篇閱讀，句子難度必然會(huì)較前面題型有所提升，尤其是后半部分難度增加，再加上文中的一些難詞，這必然會(huì)給考生造成理解上的障礙，以致最終影響做題得分。下面就其中的典型例句進(jìn)行分析：

【典型例句1】：In their recent work, however, some researchers have come up with the finding that influentials have far less impact on social epidemics than is generally supposed.

【例句解析】：本句中主干成分為some researchers have come up with the finding。that influentials have far less impact on social epidemics than is generally supposed是同位語(yǔ)從句，解釋說(shuō)明finding;而從句中又含有一個(gè)than引導(dǎo)的比較狀語(yǔ)從句，采用省略主語(yǔ)的結(jié)構(gòu)。

【難點(diǎn)點(diǎn)撥】：influential：有影響力的人;social epidemic：社會(huì)流行潮

【例句釋義】：然而，在近期研究中，一些研究者已經(jīng)發(fā)現(xiàn)：有影響力的人對(duì)于社會(huì)流行潮的影響要比通常認(rèn)為的小得多。

【典型例句2】：Yet it is precisely these noncelebrity influentials who, according to the two-step-flow theory, are supposed to drive social epidemics, by influencing their friends and colleagues directly.

【例句解析】：本句包含一個(gè)強(qiáng)調(diào)句型，即it is precisely…..who…..，用來(lái)強(qiáng)調(diào)主語(yǔ)，句子主干成分為these noncelebrity influentials are supposed to drive social epidemics。by influencing their friends and colleagues directly是介詞短語(yǔ)作方式狀語(yǔ)，修飾主干。

【難點(diǎn)點(diǎn)撥】：noncelebrity：非知名的;two-step-flow theory：兩級(jí)傳播理論

【例句釋義】：然而，根據(jù)兩級(jí)傳播理論，恰恰是這些非知名但有影響力的人士通過(guò)直接影響他們的朋友和同事而推動(dòng)了社會(huì)流行潮。

【典型例句3】：If people in the network just two degrees removed from the initial influential prove resistant, for example, the cascade of change won’t propagate very far or affect many people.

【例句解析】：本句主句為the cascade of change won’t propagate very far or affect many people。If people in the network just two degrees removed from the initial influential prove resistant是由if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句，其中in the network是介詞短語(yǔ)作后置定語(yǔ)修飾people;just two degrees removed from the initial influential是過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)作后置定語(yǔ)修飾people。

【難點(diǎn)點(diǎn)撥】：cascade：瀑布

【例句釋義】：例如，如果網(wǎng)絡(luò)中距離最初的有影響力人士?jī)蓚�(gè)層級(jí)的人們有所抵制，那么這變化的瀑布流就不會(huì)傳播得很遠(yuǎn)亦或影響許多人。

【典型例句4】：Building on the basic truth about interpersonal influence, the researchers studied the dynamics of social influence by conducting thousands of computer simulations of populations, manipulating a number of variables relating to people’s ability to influence others and their tendency to be influenced.

【例句解析】：本句主干為the researchers studied the dynamics of social influence。Building on the basic truth about interpersonal influence是現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)作方式狀語(yǔ)，修飾主干。by conducting thousands of computer simulations of populations, manipulating a number of variables relating to people’s ability to influence others and their tendency to be influenced是介詞短語(yǔ)作方式狀語(yǔ)修飾主干;此外，其中 manipulating a number of variables relating to people’s ability to influence others and their tendency to be influenced又是現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)作伴隨狀語(yǔ)修飾前面的conducting thousands of computer simulations of populations;此部分中，relating to people’s ability to influence others and their tendency to be influenced又是作后置定語(yǔ)修飾variables，and連接并列的ability和tendency。

【難點(diǎn)點(diǎn)撥】：dynamic：動(dòng)力;computer simulation：計(jì)算機(jī)模擬;manipulate：操作;variable：變量

【例句釋義】：基于人際間影響的基本事實(shí)，研究者通過(guò)對(duì)人們進(jìn)行諸多的計(jì)算機(jī)模擬、操控一系列與人們影響他人的能力以及被他人影響的傾向相關(guān)的變量，對(duì)人際間影響進(jìn)行了動(dòng)態(tài)分析。

【典型例句5】：They found that the principal requirement for what is called “global cascades”—the widespread propagation of influence through networks—is the presence not of a few influentials but, rather, of a critical mass of easily influenced people.

【例句解析】：本句主干為They found that the principal requirement is the presence，包含一個(gè)that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句。for what is called “global cascades”—the widespread propagation of influence through networks—是介詞短語(yǔ)作后置定語(yǔ)修飾the principal requirement，其中what is called “global cascades”是賓語(yǔ)從句，位于介詞for之后;the widespread propagation of influence through networks是同位語(yǔ)，解釋說(shuō)明“global cascades” 。not of a few influentials but, rather, of a critical mass of easily influenced people是由but連接的兩個(gè)并列的介詞短語(yǔ)，都作后置定語(yǔ)修飾presence。

【難點(diǎn)點(diǎn)撥】：global cascades：全局瀑布流propagation：傳播

【例句釋義】：他們發(fā)現(xiàn)：所謂的“全局瀑布流”——影響通過(guò)網(wǎng)絡(luò)而進(jìn)行的廣泛傳播——形成所需的主要條件并不是少數(shù)有影響力人士的存在，而是很大一批易受影響人們的參與。

總之，由于本文中對(duì)于賓語(yǔ)從句、后置定語(yǔ)、被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)、狀語(yǔ)從句等知識(shí)點(diǎn)考查較多，尤其是狀語(yǔ)部分，因此對(duì)此大家課下需要多多復(fù)習(xí)。此外，如果時(shí)間充足的話，可以多讀一些外國(guó)核心期刊文章，如《經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)人》、《哈佛商業(yè)評(píng)論》等，積累英語(yǔ)國(guó)家新聞中常用到的表達(dá)。