2016考研英語(yǔ)：閱讀例證題 就這樣把你征服

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之前我們說(shuō)過(guò)，英語(yǔ)閱讀的題型有六種：主題題、例證題、推理題、細(xì)節(jié)題、詞匯題、態(tài)度題。每種題型都有不同的攻克方法，這個(gè)“征服”系列就是告訴我們?nèi)绾螐牟煌�題型入手，拿下2016考研英語(yǔ)閱讀。

【解題流程】

一、識(shí)別

題干中出現(xiàn)example, case, demonstrate, illustrate等詞的時(shí)候可判定為局部主題題(即例證題)。

二、解題思路

例子是為觀點(diǎn)和結(jié)論服務(wù)的，尋找到例子對(duì)應(yīng)的觀點(diǎn)或結(jié)論，通常往上或者往下尋找，觀點(diǎn)和結(jié)論也可以在本句中。

三、錯(cuò)誤選項(xiàng)特征

1.就事論事

2.自我總結(jié)

【真題解析】

In 1784, five years before he became president of the United States, George Washington, 52, was nearly toothless. So he hired a dentist to transplant nine teeth into his jaw—having extracted them from the mouths of his slaves.

That's a far different image from the cherry-tree-chopping George most people remember from their history books. But recently, many historians have begun to focus on the roles slavery played in the lives of the founding generation. They have been spurred in part by DNA evidence made available in 1998, which almost certainly proved Thomas Jefferson had fathered at least one child with his slave Sally Hemings. And only over the past 30 years have scholars examined history from the bottom up. Works of several historians reveal the moral compromises made by the nation's early leaders and the fragile nature of the country's infancy. More significantly, they argue that many of the Founding Fathers knew slavery was wrong—and yet most did little to fight it.

George Washington's dental surgery is mentioned to .

[A]show the primitive medical practice in the past.

[B]demonstrate the cruelty of slavery in his days.

[C]stress the role of slaves in the U.S. history.

[D]reveal some unknown aspect of his life.

題型識(shí)別：例證題

題干定位：根據(jù)George Washington’s dental surgery定位到第一段。

思路解析：例證題是為觀點(diǎn)服務(wù)的，第一段只有具體的事實(shí)表述，并沒(méi)有觀點(diǎn)，所以第二段開(kāi)頭的句子就很重要了。

選項(xiàng)分析：[D]第一段說(shuō)了一個(gè)不被大多數(shù)人所知道的事實(shí)，正是呼應(yīng)第二段開(kāi)頭的這個(gè)觀點(diǎn)，故為正解。[C]是根據(jù)第二段第二句所設(shè)置的干擾選項(xiàng)。排除它有兩個(gè)方法：(1)選項(xiàng)中出現(xiàn)的是role of slaves，而原文中出現(xiàn)的是roles slavery played，已經(jīng)偷換概念了。(2)but之后的觀點(diǎn)就該和之前的觀點(diǎn)不同了，例子也應(yīng)該是為but前的觀點(diǎn)服務(wù)的，而不是為but后的觀點(diǎn)服務(wù)的。[B]自我總結(jié)的主觀臆斷選項(xiàng)，不否認(rèn)這里能看出很殘忍，但是這個(gè)例子不是為說(shuō)明殘忍而寫(xiě)的。[A]也同樣，為自我總結(jié)的主觀臆斷選項(xiàng)。

很多人不知道2016考研英語(yǔ)閱讀理解的文體到底是什么，可以明確的是，是議論文，哪怕是科普性的文章也是側(cè)重對(duì)文中觀點(diǎn)進(jìn)行考查。在閱讀的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化試題中，我們都可以把閱讀分為三個(gè)部分：原文、題干和選項(xiàng)。原文是解題的依據(jù)，題干是解題的路標(biāo)，選項(xiàng)是解題的關(guān)鍵。