2016考研英語(yǔ)：閱讀精選 如何正確地請(qǐng)教他人?

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Find the right advice

如何正確地請(qǐng)教他人?

導(dǎo)讀：遇到問(wèn)題了?想聽(tīng)聽(tīng)別人的建議?又怕麻煩到別人?尋求建議的正確姿勢(shì)到底是什么?一起且問(wèn)且珍惜!

What would you do if you had a tricky problem at work? Or if while studying you came across a sentence in your notes you couldn’t quite understand? Or if you are simply lost in a new city?

在工作中遇到了棘手的問(wèn)題，你會(huì)怎么辦?做功課看筆記時(shí)遇到不明白的句子，你又會(huì)怎么做?或者僅僅是在某個(gè)陌生的城市迷了路，你要怎么做?

When you are stuck in life there are many ways to move forward. You could spend time and effortbrainstorming to find the answers yourself. You could go to the library to peruse books. Or, you could consult Google or other Web-based resources.

這時(shí)候，有許多方法可供選擇，比如：自己花時(shí)間和精力，通過(guò) “頭腦風(fēng)暴”找到答案;或者去圖書館翻翻書;也可以去問(wèn)問(wèn)谷歌或者借助其他互聯(lián)網(wǎng)資源找到解決之道。

But there is one thing many of us avoid – asking for advice. There are many reasons for this reluctance. For one, we do not want to bother others. They must be busy and have their own problems to solve.

但是，有種方法卻總被我們忽視——請(qǐng)教他人。我們不愿開口的原因有很多，比如不愿打擾他人，因?yàn)槲覀冎�道每個(gè)人都很忙，都有自己的問(wèn)題需要解決。

However, recent research has shown fears about appearing incompetent by asking advice are totally misplaced. Far from inconveniencing or annoying the advice-giver, asking for advice may make others think you are smarter.

不過(guò)，最近的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，人們其實(shí)完全不必?fù)?dān)心請(qǐng)教他人會(huì)讓自己顯得無(wú)能。向他人請(qǐng)教問(wèn)題不僅不會(huì)帶來(lái)不便或是讓被問(wèn)者感到厭煩，反而會(huì)讓你在別人眼中更聰明。

Harvard behavioral science professors Alison Wood Brooks and Francesca Gino, along with University of Pennsylvania business professor Maurice Schweitzer, discovered this phenomenon through a series of experiments conducted over the past few years. Their studies were recently published in Scientific American.

哈佛大學(xué)行為學(xué)教授埃爾森•伍德•布魯克和弗蘭斯克•吉諾，以及賓夕法尼亞大學(xué)的商學(xué)院教授馬利斯•施韋澤經(jīng)過(guò)幾年的實(shí)驗(yàn)，共同發(fā)現(xiàn)了上述結(jié)論。最近，他們的科研成果發(fā)表登上了《科學(xué)美國(guó)人》雜志。

These researchers discovered that asking for advice is in fact a form of flattery. And in general, flatteryreflects positively on the flatterer, even if the fawning is insincere.

他們發(fā)現(xiàn)：請(qǐng)教他人其實(shí)是一種恭維。而通常情況下，恭維對(duì)于恭維者有益無(wú)害，哪怕他的恭維毫無(wú)真心可言。

Ego booster

自尊心大增

According to researchers, by asking someone to share his or her wisdom, a person can boost the adviser’s ego.

研究同時(shí)發(fā)現(xiàn)：請(qǐng)求別人分享智慧，能讓被請(qǐng)教之人自尊心大增。

But the power of advice-seeking has limits: You can’t boost someone’s ego if you ask something he or she has little knowledge about.

但是，這并非總是奏效：比如被問(wèn)之人對(duì)你所問(wèn)的知識(shí)領(lǐng)域知之甚少。

In one experiment, the researchers asked people to identify areas of personal strength and weakness, such as their knowledge of sports, musical instruments or geography. Next, someone approached them for advice in their area of self-identified weakness. The non-experts were perplexed by these questions and viewed the asker as less competent for seeking their help.

在一次實(shí)驗(yàn)中，研究人員首先讓參與者說(shuō)明自己在體育、樂(lè)器、地理等各個(gè)領(lǐng)域的強(qiáng)項(xiàng)和弱項(xiàng)。然后，讓別人去向他們請(qǐng)教自己的弱項(xiàng)，他們于是也被問(wèn)題糾結(jié)，覺(jué)得向他們尋求幫助的人能力不足。

What are the implications of these findings? For those in need of guidance, says an article in The Atlantic, the good news is that asking an expert for advice can only help. The bad news is that this does not mean humans are “a bunch of altruistic saints” who will help whomever they can. We tend to like people who (at least pretend to) respect us. “It’s more evidence that, at least in the business world, flattery will get you everywhere,” says the article.

這些發(fā)現(xiàn)說(shuō)明了什么?《大西洋月刊》的一篇文章這樣寫到：對(duì)于那些需要幫助的人而言，(研究發(fā)現(xiàn))好消息就是只要問(wèn)對(duì)專家就能找到答案，不幸的是并非人人都是“無(wú)私的圣人”、愿意對(duì)任何人伸出援手。我們喜歡對(duì)我們表示尊重的人(哪怕是裝出來(lái)的)。尤其在商業(yè)領(lǐng)域，奉承更是屢試不爽。

So, to the millions of graduating college students who are looking for jobs now, apart from dressing appropriately and behaving with good manners, try to ask the interviewers some advice about the field or industry you are going to work in, as this will surely help you leave a good impression.

因此，對(duì)于數(shù)百萬(wàn)正在找工作的大學(xué)畢業(yè)生而言，除了穿著得體、舉止有禮，在面試時(shí)向面試官請(qǐng)教一些未來(lái)工作領(lǐng)域或行業(yè)方面的問(wèn)題也會(huì)讓你留下更好的印象。