36. The author begins his article with Edmund Burke’s words to ________.
[A] call on scientists to take some actions
[B] criticize the misguided cause of animal rights
[C] warn of the doom of biomedical research
[D] show the triumph of the animal rights movement
通過題干中的關鍵詞begins,Edmund Burke’s words可以判斷出題目考查文章開篇引用名言的目的,從而判斷出題目的答案區間為第一自然段。(1.To paraphrase 18th-century statesman Edmund Burke, “all that is needed for the triumph of a misguided cause is that good people do nothing.” 2.One such cause now seeks to end biomedical research because of the theory that animals have rights ruling out their use in research. 3.Scientists need to respond forcefully to animal rights advocates, whose arguments are confusing the public and thereby threatening advances in health knowledge and care. 4.Leaders of the animal rights movement target biomedical research because it depends on public funding, and few people understand the process of health care research. 5.Hearing allegations of cruelty to animals in research settings, many are perplexed that anyone would deliberately harm an animal.)從文章第一句話我們得知:一個被誤導的事業如果要成功,它唯一需要的是好人無所作為;另外可以推斷出作者對cause的態度是消極的,因為修飾cause的詞語是misguided(誤導的)。這是文章的開篇,通過引用名人名言的方式提出了本文將要論述的主題,也給我們留下了懸疑。例如,本文中的被誤導的事業是什么呢?好人指的是誰呢?既然作者留下了懸疑,必然會通過下文的論述進行解惑。下面我們來看看下文是如何展開論述的。先看第二句One such cause對應的是one misguided cause,即end biomedical research的cause是misguided,可見作者對這項cause是反對的。接著看第三句科學家應該對動物權利鼓吹者做出強有力的回應,也就是說為了不讓end biomedical research的cause得逞,需要good people也就是scientists采取行動,即respond forcefully to animal rights advocates。這樣第一段第二三句話就和第一句話聯系起來了,即all that is needed for the triumph of the cause to end biomedical research is that scientists do nothing。根據作者對這項misguided cause的消極態度,我們可以判定scientists need to do something. 結合選項內容,作者引用名人名言是為了號召科學家采取行動,即A為正確選項。而B(批判動物權利這一被誤導的事業)不是作者的目的,作者寫本文的目的是呼吁科學家采取行動,從文章第三四段所論述的內容(科學家在反misguided cause的過程中需要做的事情)也可以得出此結論。