本文老師給大家推薦一篇選自2015年4月13日的《經濟學人》的文章。原文的標題為:Why American wage growth is so lousy? 為什么美國人的工資才漲了這么一點?這又是一個經濟類的話題,我們不僅要從中了解這一經濟現象的表現和原因,還需要學習并記住一些核心詞匯及表達方式。下文給了一個結論:工資之所以沒有再上漲,是因為在許多情況下,工資早已太高了。Wages, in other words, are not rising by more because in many cases they are already too high.
【經濟學人原文】
To understand current patterns one first has to remember how American firms behaved during the 2007-09 recession. At that time, they were desperate to cut costs. They would like to have foisted pay cuts on their staff. But cutting pay is harder than it sounds. Meanwhile, were squeezed in order to boost their productivity, so as to manage too-high wage rates without having to lay off the cream of the payroll. As conditions improved after the recession ended, firms' prior response left them with a wage hangover. Rather than continue to pump workers for extra productivity, firms preferred to return to more normal management conditions, and to let too-high wages adjust over time: “pent-up” wage cuts have been achieved simply by not granting raises. Wages, in other words, are not rising by more because in many cases they are already too high.
另外還存在一些其他的原因:一是許多工人沒有要求提高工資many workers are not demanding high wages. 這或許可以被歸結為在2013年年底對美國失業保險項目的一次改革,這次改革大大地降低了美國人能夠領取失業救濟的最長時間。大約130萬美國人受到了直接的影響。由于無以求助,許多失業者的工資預期就降了下來。(that may be down to a reform to America's unemployment-insurance scheme taken at the end of 2013, which slashed the maximum time for which Americans could draw unemployment benefits. About 1.3m Americans were affected immediately. With nothing to fall back on, the wage expectations for many unemployed people fell.)2013年多的失業保險改革這個背景信息是在15年的真題當中涉及過的,大家一定要引起重視。
文章最后指出,工資停滯不前( sluggish wages)的最大原因仍舊是近年來主要問題:美國病態的勞動力市場( America's sickly labour market)。同以前相比,現在的美國勞動力市場非常強勁,但是這種強勁離著完全健康還有很長的一段距離。產生快速且持續的工資增長將需要更長時間的強勁的工作增長。希望大家認真研讀今天的時文精析,祝愿大家百尺竿頭,更進一步!Fighting!