2016考研英語：標點符號的作用（二）

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考研英語中閱讀理解占了總分數的40%，再加上翻譯和新題型，將達到60%，可謂是占據了英語成績的大半江山。“得英語者得考研之天下，英語得閱讀者得成敗之江山”可見并非一句虛話。其重要性不言而喻。上一部分都教授給大家講解了句號、逗號、冒號和分號的“厲害”之處。接下來就繼續給大家講一下其他常見標點符號在做閱讀理解的長難句分析中的作用。

1.破折號

它的作用是：引進對前文的注釋、說明，表示聲音的延長或中斷，表示意思的轉折或話題的轉換等。

兩個破折號之間是補充說明成分，在閱讀中可以當成是插入語，可以先不讀。如果不能讀懂破折號之前的句子的意思可借助破折號間的內容加以理解。

例如：（真題2013Text1）

1.Those labels encourage style-conscious consumers to see clothes as disposable——meant to last only a wash or two, although they don’t advertise that——and to renew their wardrobe every few weeks.

2.Cline argues. Americans, she finds, buy roughly 20 billion garments a year——about 64 items per person——and no matter how much they give away, this excess leads to waste.

3.Though several fast-fashion companies have made efforts to curb their impact on labor and the environment——including H&M, with its green Conscious Collection Line——Cline believes lasting change can only be effected by the customer.

這三個句子都是表示的對前面的注釋說明，在閱讀的時候可以先跳過不讀。

2.引號。

引用和諷刺兩種作用：⑴引用某人的觀點（是支持還是反對）；⑵用來反諷，諷刺。在考研英語中引用的目的：不論是正面還是反面引述都是為了說明核心概念、中心思想，否則就沒有意義。

例如：（真題2014Text1）

1.In order to “change lives for the better” and reduce “dependency” George Osborne, Chancellor of the Exchequer, introduced the “upfront work search” scheme.

2.On first hearing, this was the socially concerned chancellor, trying to change lives for the better, complete with “reforms” to an obviously indulgent system that demands too little effort from the newly unemployed to find work, and subsidises laziness. What motivated him, we were to understand, was his zeal for “fundamental fairness”— protecting the taxpayer, controlling spending and ensuring that only the most deserving claimants received their benefits.

第一個句子中的引號，表達的引用；第二個引號的作用是反諷，諷刺。由此可以推斷作者對于“改革”的態度是否定的、諷刺的。

3.括號。

括號是一種標號，它引括對前文的注釋、說明、列舉和評價等內容。有的是對前文中的一個詞進行的，有的是對前文的一個句子進行的等。兩種作用：補充說明、解釋生詞。

例如：（真題2006Text3）Their methods do not attempt to estimate the actual biomass (the amount of living biological matter) of fish species in particular parts of the ocean, but rather changes in that biomass over time. According to their latest paper published in Nature, the biomass of large predators (animals that kill and eat other animals) in a new fishery is reduced on average by 80% within 15 years of the start of exploitation.

句子中兩個括號都是解釋括號前面生詞的含義的。

4.問號。

問號是語氣語調的輔助符號工具，表示一句話完了之后的停頓。

用于疑問句、設問句和反問句結尾。疑問句末尾的停頓，用問號。反問句的末尾，也用問號�？佳杏⒄Z中，問號往往是反問，表達了作者對于文中話題的態度，多為否定、懷疑和批判。

例如：（真題2013Text2）Brendon Lynch, Microsoft’s chief privacy officer, blogged: “We believe consumers should have more control.” Could it really be that simple?

30. The author's attitude towards what Brendon Lynch said in his blog is one of

[A] indulgence.   [B] understanding.   [C] appreciation.   [D] skepticism.

根據最后一句的問號，我們可以推測出作者的態度是懷疑的，選D。

以上便是標點符號在考研英語閱讀中的全部作用匯編了。對于閱讀，2016考研的小伙伴不僅要搞清楚長難句的重點詞匯、句型、句式和語法特征，有時候標點符號的作用也不可小覷。可能一個不起眼的標點符號就會成為打開長難句的解題思路。都教授希望考研的同學們能夠重視起來。從各個角度來瓦解閱讀的長難句，從而攻克閱讀，取得考研成功。