2016考研英語：非謂語動詞語法解析

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考研英語閱讀理解中長難句的考察一直是歷年考的重點和難點。而長難句中常常會出現非謂語動詞，而各式各樣的非謂語動詞經常搞得同學們頭昏腦漲，導致句子分析不正確，不明白句子含義。本文就來談一下常見的幾種非謂語動詞形式及其作用。

下面我們來看幾個考研英語閱讀真題中的句子:

1、Reforming the system would help both lawyers and their customers.

reforming the system動名詞短語做主語

2、Sensible ideas have been around for a long time, but the state-level bodies that govern the
profession have been too conservative to implement them.

to implement them不定式短語作結果狀語

3、I think it is perhaps the case that some people associated with the company have only recently come
to realize this.

associated with the company過去分詞短語作后置定語，修飾somepeople

4.It is financially terrifying, psychologically embarrassing and you know that support is minimal and extraordinarily hard to get.

terrifying, embarrassing現在分詞作表語

大家分析對了嗎？可以總結出非謂語動詞的幾種形式和在句中的作用了嗎？一般來說，非謂語動詞有四種形式，分別是動名詞、動詞不定式、現在分詞、過去分詞。如下表格所示，它們在句子中可以充當以下句子成分：

為了幫助大家記憶非謂語動詞可以充當的成分，告訴大家一個小竅門：

1．動詞不定式和動名詞有名詞的作用，在句中做主語、賓語、表語、定語、同位語。

2．動詞不定式和分詞有形容詞的作用，在句中做定語、表語或賓語補足語。

3．動詞不定式和分詞有副詞的作用，在句中作狀語。

通過非謂語動詞短語的詞性，我們就可以判斷出它們所充當的成分了。

下面我們通過分析一句話來看一下大家是否真正掌握了非謂語動詞。

In fact, allowing non-lawyers to own shares in law firms would reduce costs and improve services to customers, by encouraging law firms to use technology and to employ professional managers to focus on improving firms’ efficiency.

首先，allowing non-lawyers to own shares in law firms作主語，to own shares in law firms不定式作賓補。在英語中有些動詞要求接動詞不定式作賓補。它表示該動作發生在謂語動詞之后，屬將要發生的動作。有這種用法的動詞常見的有：allow；ask; tell; get; wish; like; want; expect; prefer; enable; teach; know; understand; would like; cause; force; know; intend; permit; request; order; invite; encourage; warn; remind; oblige; forbid; challenge; drive，等。 例如：

Wei Fang asked me to go shopping with her.

（“逛商場”這個動作發生在“叫”之后。）

然后來看一下encouraging law firms to use technology and to employ professional managers to focus on improving firms’ efficiency這一個長的動名詞短語，實際上盡管它非常長，但是它只是介詞by的賓語。其中to use technology and to employ professional managers to focus on improving firms’ efficiency不定式短語是law firms的賓補，to focus on improving firms’ efficiency不定式短語作目的狀語。

總而言之，由于考研英語閱讀理解和翻譯中，非謂語動詞的考察非常普遍，所以大家一定要能快速識別出非謂語動詞進而分析句子。另外，在寫作中，大家也可以使用非謂語動詞來進行造句，這會讓我們的文章句式更豐富和高級。