2016考研英語(yǔ)閱讀解題技巧：例證題

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例證題，顧名思義，原文中必然會(huì)有“故事”，而不僅僅是敘述和議論，這就要求我們要對(duì)所提到的故事情節(jié)有一個(gè)大概的了解，并能夠明白這個(gè)故事是為了證明作者的哪個(gè)觀點(diǎn)而存在的。很多考生往往這兩方面不能兼顧，而導(dǎo)致做例證題常常力不從心，下面就例證題和大家進(jìn)行分享。

1、例證題的標(biāo)記：當(dāng)題干中出現(xiàn)example, case, illustrate, illustration, exemplify時(shí)。

2、返回原文，找出該例證所在的位置，既給該例子定位。

3、搜索該例證周圍的區(qū)域，90%向上，10%向下，找出該例證支持的觀點(diǎn)。例子周圍具有概括抽象性的表達(dá)通常就是它的論點(diǎn)。

注意：舉例的目的是為了支持論點(diǎn)或是為了說明主題句。舉例后馬上問這個(gè)例子說明了什么問題?不能用例子中的話來回答這個(gè)問題。

4、找出該論點(diǎn)，并與四個(gè)選項(xiàng)比較，得出選項(xiàng)中與該論點(diǎn)最一致的答案。

5、例證題錯(cuò)誤答案設(shè)計(jì)的干擾特征經(jīng)常是：就事論事，即用例子中的某一內(nèi)容拉出來讓你去選。

要求：在閱讀中，遇到長(zhǎng)的例子，立即給這個(gè)例子定位，即找出起始點(diǎn)，從哪開始到哪結(jié)束。

【真題例舉】

The US$3-million Fundamental physics prize is indeed an interesting experiment, as Alexander Polyakov said when he accepted this year’s award in March. And it is far from the only one of its type. As a News Feature article in Nature discusses, a string of lucrative awards for researchers have joined the Nobel Prizes in recent years. Many, like the Fundamental Physics Prize, are funded from the telephone-number-sized bank accounts of Internet entrepreneurs. These benefactors have succeeded in their chosen fields, they say, and they want to use their wealth to draw attention to those who have succeeded in science。

What’s not to like? Quite a lot, according to a handful of scientists quoted in the News Feature. You cannot buy class, as the old saying goes, and these upstart entrepreneurs cannot buy their prizes the prestige of the Nobels, The new awards are an exercise in self-promotion for those behind them, say scientists. They could distort the achievement-based system of peer-review-led research. They could cement the status quo of peer-reviewed research. They do not fund peer-reviewed research. They perpetuate the myth of the lone genius。

The goals of the prize-givers seem as scattered as the criticism. Some want to shock, others to draw people into science, or to better reward those who have made their careers in research。

As Nature has pointed out before, there are some legitimate concerns about how science prizes—both new and old—are distributed. The Breakthrough Prize in Life Sciences, launched this year, takes an unrepresentative view of what the life sciences include. But the Nobel Foundation’s limit of three recipients per prize, each of whom must still be living, has long been outgrown by the collaborative nature of modern research—as will be demonstrated by the inevitable row over who is ignored when it comes to acknowledging the discovery of the Higgs boson. The Nobels were, of course, themselves set up by a very rich individual who had decided what he wanted to do with his own money. Time, rather than intention, has given them legitimacy。

As much as some scientists may complain about the new awards, two things seem clear. First, most researchers would accept such a prize if they were offered one. Second, it is surely a good thing that the money and attention come to science rather than go elsewhere, It is fair to criticize and question the mechanism—that is the culture of research, after all—but it is the prize-givers’ money to do with as they please. It is wise to take such gifts with gratitude and grace。

【問題】

The discovery of the Higgs boson is a typical case which involves 。

A.controversies over the recipients’status

B.the joint effort of modern researchers

C.legitimate concerns over the new prizes

D.the demonstration of research findings

【解析】

題干和選項(xiàng)譯文：

希格斯玻色子的發(fā)現(xiàn)是一個(gè)涉及的典型事例。

A. 對(duì)新獎(jiǎng)項(xiàng)的合理?yè)?dān)憂

B. 對(duì)獲獎(jiǎng)人身份的爭(zhēng)議

C. 現(xiàn)代研究者的共同努力

D. 研究結(jié)果的展示

根據(jù)例證題的思路定位到第四段第三句：But the Nobel Foundation’s limit of three recipients per prize, each of whom must still be living, has long been outgrown by the collaborative nature of modern research—as will be demonstrated by the inevitable row over who is ignored when it comes to acknowledging the discovery of the Higgs boson。在以上的海量信息中，解題的關(guān)鍵點(diǎn)是：collaborative nature of modern research。而同學(xué)們的解題難點(diǎn)就在于如何從這個(gè)海量信息中找出這個(gè)關(guān)鍵點(diǎn)。as will be demonstrated之后的內(nèi)容就是題干的信息：希格斯玻色子。這個(gè)例子所證明的結(jié)論或觀點(diǎn)就是前面的這句話：But the Nobel Foundation’s limit of three recipients per prize, each of whom must still be living, has long been outgrown by the collaborative nature of modern research。對(duì)這句話的理解是關(guān)鍵：A has been outgrown by B, B已經(jīng)使A過時(shí)了。這里的B就是collaborative nature of modern research，而后面的例子證明的就是這個(gè)結(jié)論。能夠和原文的定位點(diǎn)構(gòu)成同義替換的只有C選項(xiàng)。

【方法總結(jié)】

例證題首先需要根據(jù)題干定位到包含例子的句子，再尋找例子所對(duì)應(yīng)的觀點(diǎn)或結(jié)論。然后將選項(xiàng)與這個(gè)觀點(diǎn)或結(jié)論進(jìn)行對(duì)比，同義替換的為正確答案。準(zhǔn)確定位的一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單方法就是找關(guān)鍵詞，根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞準(zhǔn)確定位到原文所在段落，并聯(lián)系上下文了解作者當(dāng)前要表達(dá)的觀點(diǎn)，然后對(duì)照選項(xiàng)進(jìn)行同義轉(zhuǎn)換。

不同的題型有不同的應(yīng)對(duì)方法，但對(duì)于英語(yǔ)閱讀的復(fù)習(xí)卻是應(yīng)對(duì)不同題型的通用法寶，不管是詞匯、長(zhǎng)難句的積累，還是語(yǔ)感的把握，都能為不同解題方法的實(shí)施更好地奠定基礎(chǔ)，大家一定要雙管齊下，才能在考場(chǎng)上出奇制勝。