2016考研英語閱讀解題技巧：推理題

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推理題是考研閱讀中比較經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)的題型，通常會(huì)要求考生在閱讀完某一段或全文以后，能夠得出一個(gè)什么樣的結(jié)論，或者對(duì)某一結(jié)論判斷正誤之類。推理題要求考生對(duì)文章段落的含義有一個(gè)大體準(zhǔn)確的把握，下面來學(xué)習(xí)一下閱讀推理題的解題技巧和思路。

“最近原則”

1、標(biāo)志：learn, infer, imply, inform

2、看是否可以通過題干返回原文或依據(jù)選項(xiàng)返回原文。一般要圍繞文中的一兩個(gè)重點(diǎn)進(jìn)行推理。推理題無論通過題干能不能定位，我們都要把它固化到文章的一兩點(diǎn)上。

3、依據(jù)原文的意思進(jìn)行三錯(cuò)一對(duì)的判斷。先不要進(jìn)行推理，若有一個(gè)選項(xiàng)跟原文的意思一模一樣，則該選項(xiàng)必然是正確答案。推理題不是考察我們的想象力，它實(shí)際是考察我們?cè)�文中的某幾個(gè)點(diǎn)。如一個(gè)、兩個(gè)點(diǎn)所涉及的問題我們讀透了沒有。因此，不推的比推的好;推的近的比推的遠(yuǎn)的要好。

4、推理題的最近答案原則：不推的要比推的好，推的近的要比推的遠(yuǎn)的好，直接推出的要比間接推的好。(原文的某句話變個(gè)說法)

【注意】：做題時(shí)不能想得太多，推得過遠(yuǎn)。是否把原文讀懂才是關(guān)鍵。

【真題例舉】

It’s no surprise that Jennifer Senior’s insightful，provocative magazine cover story，“I love My Children，I Hate My Life，”is arousing much chatter–nothing gets people talking like the suggestion that child rearing is anything less than a completely fulfilling，life-enriching experience. Rather than concluding that children make parents either happy or miserable，Senior suggests we need to redefine happiness：instead of thinking of it as something that can be measured by moment-to-moment joy，we should consider being happy as a past-tense condition. Even though the day-to-day experience of raising kids can be soul-crushingly hard，Senior writes that “the very things that in the moment dampen our moods can later be sources of intense gratification and delight。”

The magazine cover showing an attractive mother holding a cute baby is hardly the only Madonna-and-child image on newsstands this week. There are also stories about newly adoptive–and newly single–mom Sandra Bullock， as well as the usual“Jennifer Aniston is pregnant”news. Practically every week features at least one celebrity mom，or mom-to-be，smiling on the newsstands。

In a society that so persistently celebrates procreation，is it any wonder that admitting you regret having children is equivalent to admitting you support kitten-killing?It doesn’t seem quite fair，then，to compare the regrets of parents to the regrets of the children. Unhappy parents rarely are provoked to wonder if they shouldn’t have had kids，but unhappy childless folks are bothered with the message that children are the single most important thing in the world：obviously their misery must be a direct result of the gaping baby-size holes in their lives。

Of course，the image of parenthood that celebrity magazines like Us Weekly and People present is hugely unrealistic，especially when the parents are single mothers like Bullock. According to several studies concluding that parents are less happy than childless couples，single parents are the least happy of all. No shock there，considering how much work it is to raise a kid without a partner to lean on;yet to hear Sandra and Britney tell it，raising a kid on their“own”(read：with round-the-clock help)is a piece of cake。

It’s hard to imagine that many people are dumb enough to want children just because Reese and Angelina make it look so glamorous：most adults understand that a baby is not a haircut. But it’s interesting to wonder if the images we see every week of stress-free，happiness-enhancing parenthood aren’t in some small，subconscious way contributing to our own dissatisfactions with the actual experience，in the same way that a small part of us hoped getting“ the Rachel”might make us look just a little bit like Jennifer Aniston。

【問題】

We learn from Paragraph 2 that

A.celebrity moms are a permanent source for gossip。

B.single mothers with babies deserve greater attention。

C.news about pregnant celebrities is entertaining。

D.having children is highly valued by the public。

【解析】

題干和選項(xiàng)譯文：

我們從第二段可以知道 。

A. 名人媽媽們是八卦永恒的焦點(diǎn)

B. 單親媽媽理應(yīng)受到更多的關(guān)注

C. 關(guān)于名人懷孕的新聞很具有娛樂性

D. 大眾認(rèn)為有孩子是一件很有價(jià)值的事

答案：D

A是not given選項(xiàng)，原文并沒有對(duì)這個(gè)事實(shí)作出判斷;B這個(gè)選項(xiàng)也是not given選項(xiàng)，原文也沒有得出結(jié)論;C這個(gè)選項(xiàng)本身是正確的，從各大報(bào)紙選取名人懷孕的新聞就可見這個(gè)新聞的娛樂性，但是D卻是和文章主題相關(guān)的選項(xiàng)，被視為最佳選項(xiàng)，因此這個(gè)題目最后的入選選項(xiàng)為D而不是C。

【方法總結(jié)】

推理題與細(xì)節(jié)題不同的一點(diǎn)是：要選擇最佳選項(xiàng)而不僅僅是正確選項(xiàng)。那要注意的是，首先，要保證選項(xiàng)是正確的，這就要求對(duì)所屬段落的文意要進(jìn)行正確地理解，其次，既然要選擇最佳選項(xiàng)，那何為“最佳”就成了正確回答推理題的關(guān)鍵。其實(shí)最佳選項(xiàng)就是要與文章的中心思想保持一致的選項(xiàng)，通過對(duì)文章的閱讀，理解作者在字里行間并未明說卻明確想要傳達(dá)的意思，或者可以關(guān)注相關(guān)段落的段首段末主旨句，一般都能大概表明作者的立場(chǎng)。